College of Earth Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China.
College of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Aug 31;19(17):10869. doi: 10.3390/ijerph191710869.
Constructing an ecological security pattern is vital to guaranteeing regional ecological security. The terrain and geomorphology of the alpine valley are complex and sensitive, meaning it is difficult to construct ecological security patterns. Therefore, the study takes Nujiang Prefecture as the study area and builds an "Importance-Sensitivity-Connectivity" (Importance of ecosystem service, eco-environmental sensitivity, and landscape connectivity) framework to carry on the comprehensive evaluation of the ecological security and identification of ecological sources. Furthermore, we constructed an ecological resistance surface using land-use type. Using the minimum cumulative resistance (MCR) model, the study identifies the ecological corridors and nodes to build ecological security patterns to optimize the ecological spatial structure of Nujiang Prefecture. The results showed that (1) the importance of ecosystem services was higher in the west and lower in the east. The high-sensitive areas of the ecological environment were distributed discontinuously along the banks of the Nujiang and the Lantsang River, and the areas with high landscape connectivity were distributed in patches in the Gaoligong Mountain Nature Reserve and the Biluo Snow Mountain. (2) The overall ecological security was in a good state, and the ecologically insecure areas were primarily distributed in Lanping County and the southeast region of Lushui City. (3) The primary ecological source area was identified to be 3281.35 km and the secondary ecological source area to be 4224.64 km. (4) In total, 26 primary ecological corridors, 39 secondary ecological corridors, and 82 ecological nodes were identified.
构建生态安全格局对保障区域生态安全至关重要。高山峡谷地区地形地貌复杂敏感，生态安全格局构建难度大。因此，本研究以怒江州为研究区，构建“重要性-敏感性-连通性”（生态系统服务重要性、生态环境敏感性和景观连通性）框架，对生态安全进行综合评价和生态源地识别，并利用土地利用类型构建生态阻力面，采用最小累积阻力模型识别生态廊道和节点，构建生态安全格局，优化怒江州的生态空间结构。结果表明：（1）生态系统服务重要性呈西高东低的分布格局；生态环境敏感性高值区呈断续状沿怒江、澜沧江两岸分布，景观连通性高值区呈斑块状分布于高黎贡山国家级自然保护区和碧罗雪山；（2）整体生态安全状况较好，生态不安全区主要分布在兰坪县和泸水市东南部；（3）识别出一级生态源地 3281.35km、二级生态源地 4224.64km；（4）共识别出 26 条一级生态廊道、39 条二级生态廊道和 82 个生态节点。
