Abdullah Muhammad U, Khan Zulfiqar A
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TR, UK.
NanoCorr, Energy & Modelling (NCEM) Research Group, Department of Design & Engineering, Bournemouth University, Poole BH12 5BB, UK.
Materials (Basel). 2022 Aug 26;15(17):5885. doi: 10.3390/ma15175885.
During service, bearing components experience rolling cyclic fatigue (RCF), resulting in subsurface plasticity and decay of the parent microstructure. The accumulation of micro strains spans billions of rolling cycles, resulting in the continuous evolution of the bearing steel microstructure. The bearing steel composition, non-metallic inclusions, continuously evolving residual stresses, and substantial work hardening, followed by subsurface softening, create further complications in modelling bearing steel at different length scales. The current study presents a multiscale overview of modelling RCF in terms of plastic deformation and the corresponding microstructural alterations. This article investigates previous models to predict microstructural alterations and material hardening approaches widely adopted to mimic the cyclic hardening response of the evolved bearing steel microstructure. This review presents state-of-the-art, relevant reviews in terms of this subject and provides a robust academic critique to enhance the understanding of the elastoplastic response of bearing steel under non-proportional loadings, damage evolution, and the formation mechanics of microstructural alterations, leading to the increased fatigue life of bearing components. It is suggested that a multidisciplinary approach at various length scales is required to fully understand the micromechanical and metallurgical response of bearing steels widely used in industry. This review will make significant contributions to novel design methodologies and improved product design specifications to deliver the durability and reliability of bearing elements.
在服役期间，轴承部件会经历滚动循环疲劳（RCF），导致亚表面塑性变形和母体微观结构的衰退。微应变的累积跨越数十亿次滚动循环，导致轴承钢微观结构不断演变。轴承钢的成分、非金属夹杂物、不断演变的残余应力以及大量的加工硬化，随后是亚表面软化，在对不同长度尺度的轴承钢进行建模时带来了更多复杂性。当前的研究从塑性变形和相应的微观结构变化方面对滚动循环疲劳建模进行了多尺度概述。本文研究了先前用于预测微观结构变化的模型以及广泛采用的模拟演化后的轴承钢微观结构循环硬化响应的材料硬化方法。这篇综述介绍了该主题的最新相关综述，并提供了有力的学术批评，以增进对非比例载荷下轴承钢的弹塑性响应、损伤演化以及微观结构变化形成机制的理解，从而延长轴承部件的疲劳寿命。建议采用多学科方法，在不同长度尺度上全面理解工业中广泛使用的轴承钢的微观力学和冶金响应。这篇综述将为新颖的设计方法和改进的产品设计规格做出重大贡献，以确保轴承元件的耐久性和可靠性。
