Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8158388994, Iran.
Interventional Cardiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8158388994, Iran.
Nutrients. 2022 Aug 25;14(17):3499. doi: 10.3390/nu14173499.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer are the first and second leading causes of death worldwide, respectively. Epidemiological evidence has demonstrated that the incidence of cancer is elevated in patients with CVD and vice versa. However, these conditions are usually regarded as separate events despite the presence of shared risk factors between both conditions, such as metabolic abnormalities and lifestyle. Cohort studies suggested that controlling for CVD risk factors may have an impact on cancer incidence. Therefore, it could be concluded that interventions that improve CVD and cancer shared risk factors may potentially be effective in preventing and treating both diseases. The ketogenic diet (KD), a low-carbohydrate and high-fat diet, has been widely prescribed in weight loss programs for metabolic abnormalities. Furthermore, recent research has investigated the effects of KD on the treatment of numerous diseases, including CVD and cancer, due to its role in promoting ketolysis, ketogenesis, and modifying many other metabolic pathways with potential favorable health effects. However, there is still great debate regarding prescribing KD in patients either with CVD or cancer. Considering the number of studies on this topic, there is a clear need to summarize potential mechanisms through which KD can improve cardiovascular health and control cell proliferation. In this review, we explained the history of KD, its types, and physiological effects and discussed how it could play a role in CVD and cancer treatment and prevention.
心血管疾病 (CVD) 和癌症分别是全球第一和第二大死亡原因。流行病学证据表明，CVD 患者的癌症发病率升高，反之亦然。然而，尽管这两种疾病存在共同的危险因素，如代谢异常和生活方式，但通常将它们视为单独的事件。队列研究表明，控制 CVD 危险因素可能对癌症发病率有影响。因此，可以得出结论，改善 CVD 和癌症共同危险因素的干预措施可能对预防和治疗这两种疾病有效。生酮饮食 (KD) 是一种低碳水化合物和高脂肪的饮食，已广泛用于代谢异常的减肥计划中。此外，由于其在促进酮体分解、酮体生成以及调节许多其他具有潜在有利健康影响的代谢途径方面的作用，KD 最近还被研究用于治疗多种疾病，包括 CVD 和癌症。然而，对于 CVD 或癌症患者是否应该开 KD 仍存在很大争议。考虑到这个主题的研究数量，显然需要总结 KD 可以改善心血管健康和控制细胞增殖的潜在机制。在这篇综述中，我们解释了 KD 的历史、类型和生理作用，并讨论了它如何在 CVD 和癌症的治疗和预防中发挥作用。
