School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China.
Research Center for Health Promotion in Women, Youth and Children, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China.
Nutrients. 2022 Aug 30;14(17):3577. doi: 10.3390/nu14173577.
This study aimed to understand the consumption frequency of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and high-energy diets in junior school students in China and to explore the relationship between SSBs and high-energy diets and academic performance. Information about 9251 junior school students was retrieved from the China Education Panel Survey (CEPS) database. The Mann−Whitney U test and the Kruskal−Wallis test were used to compare differences in academic performance based on the variables of interest. Generalized linear mixed models were used to analyze the association between the consumption frequency of SSBs and high-energy diet and student academic performance, fixed and random effects were included to control for confounding factors. The proportions of the “often” consumption group of SSBs and high-energy diets were 21.5% and 14.6%, respectively. For SSBs, the total score of the “often” consume group was 4.902 (95%CI: −7.660−2.144, p < 0.001) points lower than that of the “seldom” consume group. Scores of Chinese math, and English were 0.864 (95%CI: −1.551−0.177, p = 0.014), 2.164 (95%CI: −3.498−0.831, p = 0.001), and 1.836 (95%CI: −2.961−0.710, p = 0.001) points lower, respectively. For high-energy diets, the scores of total, Chinese and English in the “sometimes” consume group were 2.519 (95%CI: 0.4524.585, p = 0.017), 1.025 (95%CI: 0.5101.540, p < 0.001) and 1.010 (95%CI: 0.167~1.853, p = 0.019) points higher than that of the “seldom” consume group, respectively. Our findings suggested that consumption of SSBs was often negatively associated with academic performance in junior school students, while medium consumption of high-energy diets had a positive correlation. The positive association between high-energy diets and academic performance may be related to the food items included in the high-energy diets consumed by Chinese students. Schools and families should pay more effort to reduce the consumption of SSBs, and for high-energy diets, the focus should be on food selection and avoiding excessive intake. Longitudinal studies are needed to further test these findings among adolescents.
本研究旨在了解中国初中生含糖饮料（SSB）和高能量饮食的消费频率，并探讨 SSB 和高能量饮食与学业成绩之间的关系。从中国教育追踪调查（CEPS）数据库中检索了 9251 名初中生的信息。采用 Mann-Whitney U 检验和 Kruskal-Wallis 检验比较了基于感兴趣变量的学业成绩差异。采用广义线性混合模型分析 SSB 和高能量饮食消费频率与学生学业成绩之间的关联，包括固定和随机效应以控制混杂因素。SSB 和高能量饮食“经常”消费组的比例分别为 21.5%和 14.6%。对于 SSB，“经常”消费组的总分低 4.902 分（95%CI：-7.660-2.144，p<0.001）。中国数学和英语成绩分别低 0.864 分（95%CI：-1.551-0.177，p=0.014）、2.164 分（95%CI：-3.498-0.831，p=0.001）和 1.836 分（95%CI：-2.961-0.710，p=0.001）。对于高能量饮食，“有时”消费组的总分、中国和英语成绩分别高 2.519 分（95%CI：0.4524.585，p=0.017）、1.025 分（95%CI：0.5101.540，p<0.001）和 1.010 分（95%CI：0.167~1.853，p=0.019）。我们的研究结果表明，初中生 SSB 的消费频率通常与学业成绩呈负相关，而中等程度的高能量饮食消费与学业成绩呈正相关。高能量饮食与学业成绩之间的正相关可能与中国学生所消费的高能量饮食中的食物种类有关。学校和家庭应努力减少 SSB 的消费，而对于高能量饮食，重点应放在食物选择上，避免过度摄入。需要进行纵向研究以进一步验证青少年中的这些发现。
