Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China.
Nutrition and Food Safety Engineering Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710061, China.
Nutrients. 2022 Sep 4;14(17):3654. doi: 10.3390/nu14173654.
Limited studies on maternal dietary quality indices and congenital heart defects (CHD) are available. This study aimed to explore the relationship between dietary quality in pregnancy and CHD among the Chinese population. A case-control study was performed in Northwest China, and 474 cases and 948 controls were included. Eligible women waiting for delivery were interviewed to recall diets and other information during pregnancy. Dietary quality was assessed by the Global Diet Quality Score (GDQS) and Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS). Logistic regression models were adopted to evaluate the associations of dietary quality scores with CHD. Pregnant women with higher scores of GDQS and MDS were at a lower risk of fetal CHD, and the adjusted ORs comparing the extreme quartiles were 0.26 (95%CI: 0.16−0.42; Ptrend < 0.001) and 0.53 (95%CI: 0.34−0.83; Ptrend = 0.007), respectively. The inverse associations of GDQS and MDS with CHD appeared to be stronger among women with lower education levels or in rural areas. Maternal GDQS and MDS had good predictive values for fetal CHD, with the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves close to 0.8. Efforts to improve maternal dietary quality need to be strengthened to decrease the prevalence of CHD among the Chinese population.
关于孕妇膳食质量指数与先天性心脏病（CHD）的研究较少。本研究旨在探讨中国人群妊娠期间膳食质量与 CHD 之间的关系。在中国西北地区进行了一项病例对照研究，纳入了 474 例病例和 948 例对照。对符合条件的等待分娩的孕妇进行访谈，以回忆其妊娠期间的饮食和其他信息。采用全球膳食质量评分（GDQS）和地中海饮食评分（MDS）评估膳食质量。采用 logistic 回归模型评估膳食质量评分与 CHD 的关联。GDQS 和 MDS 得分较高的孕妇胎儿 CHD 的风险较低，极端四分位间距的调整 OR 分别为 0.26（95%CI：0.16−0.42；Ptrend < 0.001）和 0.53（95%CI：0.34−0.83；Ptrend = 0.007）。GDQS 和 MDS 与 CHD 的负相关关系在受教育程度较低或农村地区的女性中似乎更强。GDQS 和 MDS 对胎儿 CHD 具有良好的预测价值，受试者工作特征曲线下面积接近 0.8。需要加强改善孕妇膳食质量的努力，以降低中国人群中 CHD 的患病率。
