Lama Sanjeeb, Bae Bong-Gyu, Ramesh Sivalingam, Lee Young-Jun, Kim Namjin, Kim Joo-Hyung
Laboratory of Intelligent Devices and Thermal Control, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea.
Department of Mechanical, Robotics and Energy Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Korea.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2022 Aug 27;12(17):2965. doi: 10.3390/nano12172965.
Chemical warfare agents (CWAs) have inflicted monumental damage to human lives from World War I to modern warfare in the form of armed conflict, terrorist attacks, and civil wars. Is it possible to detect the CWAs early and prevent the loss of human lives? To answer this research question, we synthesized hybrid composite materials to sense CWAs using hydrothermal and thermal reduction processes. The synthesized hybrid composite materials were evaluated with quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors as detectors. The main findings from this study are: (1) For a low dimethyl methyl phosphonate (DMMP) concentration of 25 ppm, manganese dioxide nitrogen-doped graphene oxide (NGO@MnO) and NGO@MnO/Polypyrrole (PPy) showed the sensitivities of 7 and 51 Hz for the QCM sensor and 146 and 98 Hz for the SAW sensor. (2) NGO@MnO and NGO@MnO/PPy showed sensitivities of more than 50-fold in the QCM sensor and 100-fold in the SAW sensor between DMMP and potential interferences. (3) NGO@MnO and NGO@MnO/PPy showed coefficients of determination (R) of 0.992 and 0.975 for the QCM sensor and 0.979 and 0.989 for the SAW sensor. (4) NGO@MnO and NGO@MnO/PPy showed repeatability of 7.00 ± 0.55 and 47.29 ± 2.69 Hz in the QCM sensor and 656.37 ± 73.96 and 665.83 ± 77.50 Hz in the SAW sensor. Based on these unique findings, we propose NGO@MnO and NGO@MnO/PPy as potential candidate materials that could be used to detect CWAs.
从第一次世界大战到现代战争，包括武装冲突、恐怖袭击和内战，化学战剂（CWAs）给人类生命造成了巨大损失。能否早期检测出化学战剂并防止人员伤亡？为了回答这个研究问题，我们采用水热法和热还原法合成了用于检测化学战剂的混合复合材料。使用石英晶体微天平（QCM）和表面声波（SAW）传感器作为探测器对合成的混合复合材料进行了评估。本研究的主要发现如下：（1）对于浓度为25 ppm的低浓度甲基膦酸二甲酯（DMMP），二氧化锰氮掺杂氧化石墨烯（NGO@MnO）和NGO@MnO/聚吡咯（PPy）在QCM传感器上的灵敏度分别为7 Hz和51 Hz，在SAW传感器上的灵敏度分别为146 Hz和98 Hz。（2）在DMMP与潜在干扰物之间，NGO@MnO和NGO@MnO/PPy在QCM传感器上的灵敏度提高了50倍以上，在SAW传感器上提高了100倍以上。（3）NGO@MnO和NGO@MnO/PPy在QCM传感器上的决定系数（R）分别为0.992和0.975，在SAW传感器上的决定系数分别为0.979和0.989。（4）NGO@MnO和NGO@MnO/PPy在QCM传感器上的重复性分别为7.00±0.55 Hz和47.29±2.69 Hz，在SAW传感器上的重复性分别为656.37±73.96 Hz和665.83±77.50 Hz。基于这些独特的发现，我们提出NGO@MnO和NGO@MnO/PPy作为可用于检测化学战剂的潜在候选材料。
