Kou Hui, Luo Wei, Li Xue, Yang Ye, Xiong Min, Shao Boyao, Xie Qinhong, Bi Taiyong
Center for Mental Health Research in School of Management, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.
The Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, China.
Front Psychiatry. 2022 Aug 23;13:937754. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.937754. eCollection 2022.
According to the social-cognitive theory and the social-information-processing theory, individuals with conduct disorder, a persistent and repetitive pattern of problematic behavior, might have cognitive biases toward hostile facial expressions. However, according to the optimal stimulation/arousal theory, the stimulation-seeking theory and the fearlessness theory, individuals with conduct disorder might have less fear and show less response to hostile or threatening facial expressions. To reconcile the discrepancy, we examined the cognitive biases including attentional processing and working memory processing to emotional faces among adolescents with conduct disorder. 35 male adolescent delinquents with conduct disorder and 35 age-matched delinquents without conduct disorder completed a visual search task and a delayed-match-to-sample task to examine their attentional processing and working memory processing for sad, angry, happy, and fearful faces, respectively. It was found that conduct disordered individuals searched angry and fearful faces, rather than sad and happy faces, more slowly than individuals without conduct disorder. However, no difference in mnemonic processing for facial emotions was found between groups. The results indicated that male adolescent delinquents with conduct disorder showed deficits in attentional orientation to hostile and threatening faces, supporting the optimal stimulation/arousal theory, the stimulation-seeking theory and the fearlessness theory, but not the social-cognitive theory.
根据社会认知理论和社会信息加工理论，患有品行障碍（一种持续且重复出现的问题行为模式）的个体可能对敌意面部表情存在认知偏差。然而，根据最佳刺激/唤醒理论、刺激寻求理论和无畏理论，患有品行障碍的个体可能恐惧较少，对敌意或威胁性面部表情的反应也较少。为了调和这一差异，我们研究了患有品行障碍的青少年对情绪面孔的认知偏差，包括注意力加工和工作记忆加工。35名患有品行障碍的男性青少年罪犯和35名年龄匹配的无品行障碍的罪犯分别完成了一项视觉搜索任务和一项延迟样本匹配任务，以检验他们对悲伤、愤怒、快乐和恐惧面孔的注意力加工和工作记忆加工。结果发现，患有品行障碍的个体搜索愤怒和恐惧面孔的速度比无品行障碍的个体搜索悲伤和快乐面孔的速度更慢。然而，两组在对面部情绪的记忆加工方面没有差异。结果表明，患有品行障碍的男性青少年罪犯在对敌意和威胁性面孔的注意力定向方面存在缺陷，这支持了最佳刺激/唤醒理论、刺激寻求理论和无畏理论，但不支持社会认知理论。
