The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
Public Center of Experimental Technology, Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
Front Immunol. 2022 Aug 23;13:953354. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.953354. eCollection 2022.
Urinary tract infection (UTI) caused by uropathogens is the most common infectious disease and significantly affects all aspects of the quality of life of the patients. However, uropathogens are increasingly becoming antibiotic-resistant, which threatens the only effective treatment option available-antibiotic, resulting in higher medical costs, prolonged hospital stays, and increased mortality. Currently, people are turning their attention to the immune responses, hoping to find effective immunotherapeutic interventions which can be alternatives to the overuse of antibiotic drugs. Bladder infections are caused by the main nine uropathogens and the bladder executes different immune responses depending on the type of uropathogens. It is essential to understand the immune responses to diverse uropathogens in bladder infection for guiding the design and development of immunotherapeutic interventions. This review firstly sorts out and comparatively analyzes the immune responses to the main nine uropathogens in bladder infection, and summarizes their similarities and differences. Based on these immune responses, we innovatively propose that different microbial bladder infections should adopt corresponding immunomodulatory interventions, and the same immunomodulatory intervention can also be applied to diverse microbial infections if they share the same effective therapeutic targets.
尿路感染（UTI）是由尿路病原体引起的最常见传染病，严重影响患者生活质量的各个方面。然而，尿路病原体对抗生素的耐药性日益增加，这威胁到唯一有效的治疗方法——抗生素，导致医疗费用增加、住院时间延长和死亡率上升。目前，人们开始关注免疫反应，希望找到有效的免疫治疗干预措施，以替代抗生素药物的过度使用。膀胱感染是由主要的九种尿路病原体引起的，而膀胱会根据尿路病原体的类型执行不同的免疫反应。了解膀胱感染中对不同尿路病原体的免疫反应对于指导免疫治疗干预措施的设计和开发至关重要。本综述首先对膀胱感染中主要的九种尿路病原体的免疫反应进行分类和比较分析，并总结其异同。基于这些免疫反应，我们创新性地提出，不同微生物引起的膀胱感染应采用相应的免疫调节干预措施，如果具有相同的有效治疗靶点，同样的免疫调节干预措施也可以应用于不同的微生物感染。
