Aprile Marianna, Costa Valerio, Cimmino Amelia, Calin George Adrian
Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso", National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy.
Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
Int J Cancer. 2023 Mar 1;152(5):822-834. doi: 10.1002/ijc.34282. Epub 2022 Sep 26.
The view of long noncoding RNAs as nonfunctional "garbage" has been definitely outdated by the large body of evidence indicating this class of ncRNAs as "golden junk", especially in precision oncology. Indeed, in light of their oncogenic role and the higher expression in multiple cancer types compared with paired adjacent tissues, the clinical interest for lncRNAs as diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarkers has been rapidly increasing. The emergence of large-scale sequencing technologies, their subsequent diffusion even in small research and clinical centers, the technological advances for the detection of low-copy lncRNAs in body fluids, coupled to the huge reduction of operating costs, have nowadays made possible to rapidly and comprehensively profile them in multiple tumors and large cohorts. In this review, we first summarize some relevant data about the oncogenic role of well-studied lncRNAs having a clinical relevance. Then, we focus on the description of their potential use as diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers, including an updated overview about licensed patents or clinical trials on lncRNAs in oncology.
大量证据表明长链非编码RNA是“黄金垃圾”，尤其是在精准肿瘤学领域，这使得将其视为无功能“垃圾”的观点绝对过时了。事实上，鉴于它们的致癌作用以及与配对的相邻组织相比在多种癌症类型中更高的表达，长链非编码RNA作为诊断和/或预后生物标志物的临床关注度迅速上升。大规模测序技术的出现，其随后甚至在小型研究和临床中心的普及，体液中低拷贝长链非编码RNA检测的技术进步，再加上运营成本的大幅降低，如今使得在多种肿瘤和大型队列中快速全面地分析它们成为可能。在这篇综述中，我们首先总结一些关于具有临床相关性的、已充分研究的长链非编码RNA致癌作用的相关数据。然后，我们重点描述它们作为诊断/预后生物标志物的潜在用途，包括关于肿瘤学中长链非编码RNA的授权专利或临床试验的最新概述。
