Khayamzadeh Maryam, Niazi Vahid, Hussen Bashdar Mahmud, Taheri Mohammad, Ghafouri-Fard Soudeh, Samadian Mohammad
Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Academy of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Metab Brain Dis. 2023 Jan;38(1):177-184. doi: 10.1007/s11011-022-01074-6. Epub 2022 Sep 9.
While brain tumors are not extremely frequent, they cause high mortality due to lack of appropriate treatment and late detection. Glioblastoma is the most frequent type of primary brain tumor. This malignant tumor has a highly aggressive behavior. Expression profile of different types of transcripts, methylation status of a number of genomic loci and chromosomal aberrations have been found to affect course of glioblastoma and propensity for recurrence and metastasis. Recent studies have shown that glioblastoma cells produce extracellular vesicles whose cargo can affect behavior of neighboring cells. Several miRNAs such as miR-301a, miR-221, miR-21, miR-16, miR-19b, miR-20, miR-26a, miR-92, miR-93, miR-29a, miR-222, miR-221 and miR-30a have been shown to be transferred by glioblastoma-derived extracellular vesicles and enhance the malignant behavior of these cells. Other components of glioblastoma-derived extracellular vesicles are EGFRvIII mRNA/protein, Ndfip1, PTEN, MYC ssDNA and IDH1 mRNA. In the current review, we discuss the available data about the molecular composition of glioblastoma-derived extracellular vesicles and their impact on the progression of this malignant tumor and its resistance to therapeutic modalities.
虽然脑肿瘤并不十分常见，但由于缺乏适当的治疗和检测延迟，它们会导致高死亡率。胶质母细胞瘤是最常见的原发性脑肿瘤类型。这种恶性肿瘤具有高度侵袭性。已发现不同类型转录本的表达谱、多个基因组位点的甲基化状态和染色体畸变会影响胶质母细胞瘤的病程以及复发和转移倾向。最近的研究表明，胶质母细胞瘤细胞会产生细胞外囊泡，其内含物可影响邻近细胞的行为。几种 microRNA，如 miR-301a、miR-221、miR-21、miR-16、miR-19b、miR-20、miR-26a、miR-92、miR-93、miR-29a、miR-222、miR-221 和 miR-30a，已被证明可由胶质母细胞瘤衍生的细胞外囊泡转运，并增强这些细胞的恶性行为。胶质母细胞瘤衍生的细胞外囊泡的其他成分包括 EGFRvIII mRNA/蛋白、Ndfip1、PTEN、MYC 单链 DNA 和 IDH1 mRNA。在本综述中，我们讨论了关于胶质母细胞瘤衍生的细胞外囊泡的分子组成及其对这种恶性肿瘤进展及其对治疗方式的抗性的影响的现有数据。
