Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center Complex, Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Center (ADIR), Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
JBJS Rev. 2022 Sep 9;10(9). doi: e22.00061. eCollection 2022 Sep 1.
➢: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) without contrast is sufficient to diagnose an intra-articular ganglion cyst of the knee. MRI with intravenous contrast may be considered for cysts in the infrapatellar fat pad, which are not a typical presentation.
➢: The current literature supports treating symptomatic cases or those discovered accidently during knee arthroscopy with arthroscopic excision.
➢: Although aspiration of these cysts results in a higher recurrence rate than excision, it is associated with quicker recovery. Thus, aspiration might be chosen as an initial treatment for anyone who would like to avoid surgery or requires a rapid recovery, including professional athletes.
➢: Open excision may be considered for infrapatellar fat pad cysts that are >4.5 cm in size.
➢：膝关节关节内腱鞘囊肿无需增强磁共振成像（MRI）即可确诊。髌下脂肪垫内的囊肿不具有典型表现，可能需要静脉内对比增强 MRI 检查。
➢：目前的文献支持对有症状的病例或在膝关节镜检查中偶然发现的病例进行关节镜下切除治疗。
➢：虽然这些囊肿的抽吸治疗比切除治疗的复发率更高，但它与更快的康复相关。因此，抽吸术可能被选择为那些希望避免手术或需要快速康复的患者（包括职业运动员）的初始治疗方法。
➢：髌下脂肪垫内>4.5cm 的囊肿可考虑行开放切除术。
