Dooling Robert J, Brown Susan D, Park Thomas J, Okanoya Kazuo, Soli Sigfrid D
U Maryland, College Park.
J Comp Psychol. 1987 Jun;101(2):139-149. doi: 10.1037/0735-7036.101.2.139.
A new combination of operant conditioning and psychophysical scaling procedures was used to study auditory perception in a small bird. In a same-different discrimination task, budgerigars learned to discriminate among pure tones that varied along one or more acoustic dimensions. Response latencies were used to generate a matrix of interstimulus similarities. Multidimensional scaling procedures were used to arrange these acoustic stimuli in a multidimensional space that supposedly reflects the bird's perceptual organization. For tones that varied in intensity, duration, and frequency simultaneously, budgerigars were much more sensitive to frequency changes. From a set of tones that varied only in intensity, it was possible to calculate the growth of loudness with intensity for the budgerigar. For tones that varied only in frequency, budgerigars showed evidence of an "acoustic fovea" for frequency change in the spectral region of 2-4 kHz. Budgerigars and humans also differed in their perceptual grouping of tone sequences that rise, fall, or remain constant in pitch. Surprisingly, budgerigars were much less responsive to pitch contour than were humans.
一种操作性条件反射与心理物理学标度程序的新组合被用于研究一种小鸟的听觉感知。在一个异同辨别任务中，虎皮鹦鹉学会了区分沿一个或多个声学维度变化的纯音。反应潜伏期被用来生成一个刺激间相似度矩阵。多维标度程序被用于将这些声学刺激排列在一个多维空间中，该空间据推测反映了鸟类的感知组织。对于强度、持续时间和频率同时变化的音调，虎皮鹦鹉对频率变化更为敏感。从一组仅强度变化的音调中，可以计算出虎皮鹦鹉响度随强度的增长情况。对于仅频率变化的音调，虎皮鹦鹉在2-4千赫频谱区域表现出对频率变化有“听觉中央凹”的证据。虎皮鹦鹉和人类在音高上升、下降或保持不变的音调序列的感知分组上也存在差异。令人惊讶的是，虎皮鹦鹉对音高轮廓的反应比人类要少得多。
