Daniel W F, Crovitz H F, Weiner R D
Cortex. 1987 Jun;23(2):169-87. doi: 10.1016/s0010-9452(87)80030-8.
Patients were asked twelve orientation questions before ECT and during the recovery period (the postictal confusional state) following ECT. Disorientation was more severe in the elderly. The different orientation items did not recover simultaneously; different recovery times may enable patients to give responses that are logical contradictions. While certain models (e.g., "person" versus "place" versus "time") may be useful in describing the differential recovery of orientation items, other models based on memory will probably prove more useful in delineating what causes this differential recovery. Patients gave responses to age and current year that were displaced backwards in years from the correct response. It is suggested that this displacement represents retrograde amnesia. As the postictal confusional state cleared, however, these backwardly displaced responses decreased in years of remoteness, thus showing a pattern of "shrinkage" that is similar to shrinking retrograde amnesia following head-injury. It is suggested that this result supports Ribot's law of regression.
在进行电休克治疗（ECT）前以及ECT后的恢复期（发作后意识模糊状态），患者被询问了12个定向问题。老年人的定向障碍更为严重。不同的定向项目并非同时恢复；不同的恢复时间可能会使患者给出逻辑矛盾的回答。虽然某些模型（例如，“人物”与“地点”与“时间”）可能有助于描述定向项目的差异恢复，但基于记忆的其他模型可能在描绘这种差异恢复的原因方面更有用。患者给出的年龄和当前年份的回答比正确答案在年份上向后推移。有人认为这种推移代表逆行性遗忘。然而，随着发作后意识模糊状态的消退，这些向后推移的回答在年份上的差距减小，从而呈现出一种“收缩”模式，类似于头部受伤后逆行性遗忘的收缩。有人认为这一结果支持了里博的回归定律。
