Buhrmester D, Furman W
Child Dev. 1987 Aug;58(4):1101-13. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1987.tb01444.x.
This study is concerned with the development of companionship and intimacy. Subjects in the second, fifth, and eighth grades (mean ages, respectively, 7.5, 10.4, and 13.4) rated the importance and extent of companionship and intimate disclosure experienced in social life in general and in each of 8 types of relationships. Companionship was perceived as a desired social provision at all 3 grade levels. Family members were important providers of companionship for children in the second and fifth grades, but they became significantly less so in the eighth grade. Same-sex peers were important providers across all 3 grades, and they became increasingly important as children grew older. Opposite-sex peers did not become important as companions until the eighth grade. Counter to expectations, there were no age differences in the global desire for intimacy. Parents were important providers of intimate disclosure for the youngest children, but they were less important among the younger adolescents. There was mixed support for the hypothesis that same-sex friends become important providers of intimacy during preadolescence. Findings were different for boys and girls, suggesting that girls seek intimate disclosure in friendship at younger ages than boys do.
本研究关注陪伴与亲密关系的发展。二、五、八年级的学生（平均年龄分别为7.5岁、10.4岁和13.4岁）对社交生活中总体以及8种关系类型中所体验到的陪伴和亲密表露的重要性及程度进行了评分。在所有三个年级水平上，陪伴都被视为一种理想的社会条件。对于二、五年级的孩子来说，家庭成员是陪伴的重要提供者，但到八年级时，这种重要性显著降低。同性同龄人在所有三个年级都是陪伴的重要提供者，并且随着孩子年龄的增长，他们的重要性日益增加。直到八年级，异性同龄人作为陪伴者才变得重要起来。与预期相反，在对亲密关系的总体渴望上不存在年龄差异。对于最小的孩子来说，父母是亲密表露的重要提供者，但在青少年早期，父母的重要性有所降低。对于同性朋友在青春期前成为亲密关系的重要提供者这一假设，研究结果存在不同的支持情况。男孩和女孩的结果不同，这表明女孩比男孩在更年幼时就寻求在友谊中进行亲密表露。
