Qinghai Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xining, China.
Department of Health Service and Management, School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China.
Medicine (Baltimore). 2022 Sep 9;101(36):e30363. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000030363.
Haemophilus influenzae is a common commensal organism of the human upper respiratory tract and an important cause of human disease. No data on H influenzae carriage rate has been carried out on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China. This study aims to present the H influenzae carriage rate and influencing factors of H influenzae in healthy children <15 years of age in Qinghai Province, an area located on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China. Oropharyngeal swabs for the detection of H influenzae DNA were collected between September and October 2019. Taqman real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the nucleic acids from the oropharyngeal swabs. Self-designed questionnaires were used to investigate the related information among this group of children. A number of 284 children were enrolled in this study. The carriage rate of H influenzae was 44.7%. The carriage rate in cities was 47.5%, in rural areas was 21.9%, and in pastoral areas was 52.8%. The carriage rate was found to be higher among children of minority ethnic groups than those of Han ethnicity (55.6% vs 38.1%). H influenzae carriage rate was influenced by tobacco smoke exposure (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.31, 95% CI [confidence interval]: 1.14-4.70), having siblings <5 years of age (aOR = 2.36, 95% CI: 1.21-4.59), respiratory infections during the last 30 days (aOR = 2.37, 95% CI: 1.11-5.06), and parent/guardian education level (aOR = 0.08, 95% CI: 0.02-0.27). H influenzae was highly prevalent in healthy children in Qinghai Province, especially among children of minority ethnicities and those living in pastoral areas. Tobacco smoke exposure, having siblings <5 years of age, and respiratory infections during the last 30 days were risk factors for H influenzae carriage. Parents or guardians having education levels of college or higher was a protective factor for H influenzae carriage. It is of critical importance that the government take effective measures to reduce the carriage rate and the occurrence of H influenzae related diseases in susceptible populations.
流感嗜血杆菌是人体上呼吸道的常见共生菌，也是人类疾病的重要病因。目前尚未对中国青藏高原地区的流感嗜血杆菌携带率进行研究。本研究旨在报告中国青藏高原青海省健康<15 岁儿童中流感嗜血杆菌的携带率及其影响因素。2019 年 9 月至 10 月，采集咽拭子用于检测流感嗜血杆菌 DNA。采用 Taqman 实时聚合酶链反应检测咽拭子的核酸。采用自行设计的问卷对该组儿童的相关信息进行调查。本研究共纳入 284 名儿童。流感嗜血杆菌的携带率为 44.7%。城市的携带率为 47.5%，农村为 21.9%，牧区为 52.8%。少数民族儿童的携带率高于汉族（55.6%比 38.1%）。流感嗜血杆菌的携带率受吸烟暴露（调整后的比值比[aOR] = 2.31，95%置信区间[CI]：1.14-4.70）、有<5 岁的兄弟姐妹（aOR = 2.36，95% CI：1.21-4.59）、过去 30 天内发生呼吸道感染（aOR = 2.37，95% CI：1.11-5.06）和父母/监护人的教育水平（aOR = 0.08，95% CI：0.02-0.27）的影响。流感嗜血杆菌在青海省健康儿童中高度流行，特别是少数民族儿童和牧区儿童。吸烟暴露、有<5 岁的兄弟姐妹以及过去 30 天内发生呼吸道感染是流感嗜血杆菌携带的危险因素。父母或监护人具有大学或更高学历是流感嗜血杆菌携带的保护因素。政府采取有效措施降低易感人群的携带率和流感嗜血杆菌相关疾病的发生至关重要。
