History of Science, University of Regensburg.
Ber Wiss. 2022 Sep;45(3):384-396. doi: 10.1002/bewi.202200018.
In this paper, I ask about the broader context of the history and philosophy of biology in the German-speaking world as the place in which Hans-Jörg Rheinberger began his work. Three German philosophical traditions-neo-Kantianism, phenomenology, and Lebensphilosophie-were interested in the developments and conceptual challenges of the life sciences in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Their reflections were taken up by life scientists under the terms theoretische Biologie (theoretical biology) and allgemeine Biologie (general biology), i. e., for theoretical and methodological reflections. They used historical and philosophical perspectives to develop vitalistic, organicist, or holistic approaches to life. In my paper, I argue that the resulting discourse did not come to an end in 1945. Increasingly detached from biological research, it formed an important context for the formation of the field of history and philosophy of biology. In Rheinberger's work, we can see the "Spalten" and "Fugen"-the continuities and discontinuities-that this tradition left there.
在本文中，我探讨了德语世界的生物学历史和哲学的更广泛背景，因为这是汉斯-约尔格·莱茵伯格开始他的工作的地方。三种德国哲学传统——新康德主义、现象学和生命哲学——在 19 世纪末和 20 世纪初对生命科学的发展和概念挑战感兴趣。他们的思考被生命科学家在理论生物学（theoretical biology）和一般生物学（general biology）的术语下吸收，即用于理论和方法的思考。他们利用历史和哲学的视角来发展生命的活力论、有机论或整体论方法。在我的论文中，我认为由此产生的论述并没有在 1945 年结束。它越来越脱离生物学研究，成为历史和哲学领域形成的一个重要背景。在莱茵伯格的作品中，我们可以看到这一传统在那里留下的“分裂”和“缝隙”——连续性和不连续性。
