Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary Sciences, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India.
Goat Farm, Directorate of Livestock Farm, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Jan;30(4):10901-10913. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-22931-y. Epub 2022 Sep 10.
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of a composite plant extract (CPE) rich in polyphenolics and saponins from seeds of Dolichos biflorus (horse gram), root of Asparagus racemosus (shatavari), bark of Amoora rohituka (rohitaka), and peel of Punica granatum (pomegranate) on ruminal fermentation and methanogenesis in vitro, milk production, nutrient digestibility, immune response, and blood profiles in lactating Beetal goats fed CPE at 20 g/kg diet. Dose effect of CPE was assessed using different doses (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 g/kg substrate) to find out an optimum dose for the in vivo study. The in vivo experiment lasted 70 days including a 10-day adaptation period. In the in vitro study, dry matter (DM) and fiber degradability increased linearly (P < 0.05) and methane production and ammonia concentration decreased linearly (P < 0.05) with increasing doses of CPE. Concentrations of total VFA and proportion of propionate increased (P < 0.001) linearly, whereas proportion of acetate and acetate to propionate ratio decreased with a linear effect. Dietary CPE increased milk yield (P = 0.017) and concentrations of protein and lactose (P = 0.045) by CPE, but concentrations of fat and solid not fat in milk were not affected (P > 0.10). Somatic cell counts in milk reduced (P = 0.045) in the CPE-fed goats. Apparent digestibility of DM (P = 0.037) increased significantly and NDF (P = 0.066) tended to increase due to supplementation of CPE. Blood glucose (P = 0.028) and albumin (P = 0.007) concentrations increased, while other liver-marker metabolites and enzyme activities and superoxide dismutase activity were not altered in goats due to feeding of CPE. Concentrations of total amino acids (P = 0.010), total essential amino acids (P = 0.012), and total ketogenic amino acids (P < 0.001) were greater in the CPE-fed goats than the control goats. Cell-mediated immune response improved due to CPE feeding. This study suggests that the CPE rich in both phenolics and saponins could improve ruminal fermentation, milk production, and nutrient utilization in lactating goats with better health status while decreasing methane emission.
这项研究旨在评估富含多酚和皂苷的复合植物提取物（CPE）对瘤胃发酵和甲烷生成的影响，该提取物来自菜豆（马豆）种子、天门冬（沙塔瓦里）根、罗希图卡阿莫拉（罗希塔卡）树皮和石榴（石榴）皮，体外，在以 20 克/公斤日粮喂养 CPE 的泌乳贝塔尔山羊中，还评估了 CPE 对产奶量、养分消化率、免疫反应和血液特征的影响。使用不同剂量（0、10、20、30 和 40 克/公斤底物）评估 CPE 的剂量效应，以找出体内研究的最佳剂量。体内实验持续 70 天，包括 10 天适应期。在体外研究中，随着 CPE 剂量的增加，干物质（DM）和纤维降解率呈线性增加（P <0.05），甲烷产量和氨浓度呈线性下降（P <0.05）。总 VFA 浓度和丙酸比例呈线性增加（P <0.001），而乙酸比例和乙酸与丙酸的比例则呈线性下降。日粮 CPE 增加了产奶量（P = 0.017）和 CPE 浓度的蛋白质和乳糖（P = 0.045），但牛奶中的脂肪和非脂固形物浓度没有受到影响（P >0.10）。CPE 喂养的山羊牛奶中的体细胞计数减少（P = 0.045）。由于补充 CPE，DM 的表观消化率（P = 0.037）显著增加，NDF（P = 0.066）趋于增加。由于 CPE 的喂养，血糖（P = 0.028）和白蛋白（P = 0.007）浓度增加，而其他肝标志物代谢物和酶活性以及超氧化物歧化酶活性在山羊中没有改变。CPE 喂养的山羊总氨基酸（P = 0.010）、总必需氨基酸（P = 0.012）和总生酮氨基酸（P <0.001）浓度均高于对照组。由于 CPE 喂养，细胞介导的免疫反应得到改善。这项研究表明，富含酚类和皂苷的 CPE 可改善泌乳山羊的瘤胃发酵、产奶量和养分利用率，同时降低甲烷排放量，改善健康状况。
