ESPA Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Sciences and Agronomic Sciences, University of Batna1-El-Hadj Lakhdar, 05000 Batna, Algeria.
One Virology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science and Wolfson Centre for Global Virus Research, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, LE12 5RD, UK.
Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis. 2022 Oct;89:101868. doi: 10.1016/j.cimid.2022.101868. Epub 2022 Sep 6.
Equine influenza (EI) is one of the most contagious respiratory infections in horses, donkeys and mules, caused by equine influenza A virus (EIV). It remains a disease with a strong economic stake for the equine industry. This review focuses on the epidemiological situation of EIV in the Maghreb area, which includes Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia. There is serological evidence for extensive circulation of EIV in the Maghreb area since the early 1970s, but reports of detailed investigation of outbreaks are scarce with no documented isolation or molecular characterization of EIV from Tunisia. Isolates of EIV were obtained from outbreaks in Algeria in 1971/1972 and 2011. Similarly, in Morocco, isolates were obtained from outbreaks in 1997 and 2004. The viruses isolated in 2004 showed evidence of 'evolutionary stasis', with haemagglutinin and non-structural protein 1 sequences most similar to those of viruses isolated decades earlier. In conclusion, effective surveillance of equids in the Maghreb region, where there is potential for virus re-emergence, should be encouraged.
马流感（EI）是马、驴和骡最具传染性的呼吸道感染之一，由甲型马流感病毒（EIV）引起。它仍然是马术行业具有强烈经济利益的疾病。本综述重点介绍了马流感病毒在马格里布地区（包括阿尔及利亚、摩洛哥和突尼斯）的流行病学情况。自 20 世纪 70 年代初以来，马格里布地区就有 EIV 广泛传播的血清学证据，但关于暴发详细调查的报告很少，突尼斯没有记录到 EIV 的分离或分子特征。1971/1972 年和 2011 年，在阿尔及利亚的暴发中获得了 EIV 的分离株。同样，在摩洛哥，也从 1997 年和 2004 年的暴发中获得了分离株。2004 年分离的病毒显示出“进化停滞”的证据，血凝素和非结构蛋白 1 序列与几十年前分离的病毒最相似。总之，应该鼓励对马格里布地区的马进行有效的监测，因为该地区有病毒重新出现的潜力。
