The clinical implications of pre-liver transplant diabetes on post-liver transplant outcomes in patients with NASH: analysis of the UNOS database.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS

The presence of perioperative diabetes may lead to increased mortality risks following liver transplant (LT) in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). This risk factor was evaluated using a UNOS-STAR national database.

METHODS

The UNOS-STAR liver transplant registry 2005-2019 was used to select patients with NASH (including cryptogenic liver disease). The following populations were excluded: those younger than 18 years old and those with living donors/dual transplants. Selected patients were stratified into those with and without pre-LT diabetes and compared to the individual mortality endpoints using iterative Cox analyses.

RESULTS

6324 recipients with and 8251 without diabetes were selected. The median follow-up time was 3.07 years. Those with diabetes were older (58.50 vs. 54.50 years, p < 0.001), were more likely to be Hispanic or Asian, and had higher BMI than the non-diabetics (31.10 vs. 29.70 kg/m p < 0.001); however, there was no difference in gender (female 41.9 vs. 43.1% p = 0.170). Compared to non-diabetics, recipients with diabetes had a higher rate of all-cause mortality (61.68 vs. 47.80 per 1000 person-years). In multivariate iterations, pre-LT diabetes was associated with all-cause mortality (aHR 1.19 95% CI 1.11-1.27) as well as deaths due to cardiac (p = 0.014 aHR 1.24 95% CI 1.04-1.46) and renal causes (p = 0.039 aHR 1.38 95% CI 1.02-1.87).

CONCLUSION

The presence of pre-LT diabetes is associated with all-cause mortality and deaths due to cardiac and renal causes following LT. The findings warrant an early preoperative screening procedure to ensure that patients with diabetes have their metabolic risk factors optimized prior to LT.