Tamera Kylee, Kannampuzha Courtney, Ta Viviane, Hot Pascal, Davidson Patrick S R
School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
Laboratoire de Psychologie et NeuroCognition (LPNC), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Chambéry, France.
Front Behav Neurosci. 2022 Aug 26;16:944363. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.944363. eCollection 2022.
Older adults tend to be in a more positive mood than young adults, and tend to remember positive information more often than negative information, yet the link between their positive mood and their positive memory bias has not often been explored. In this study, we manipulated young and older adults' moods prior to their completing an emotional memory task. For mood manipulation, young ( = 147) and older ( = 111) adults viewed a positive, negative, or neutral video lasting 3 min. To validate the mood induction, we collected self-reported ratings of valence and arousal (affective slider; Betella and Verschure, 2016) at baseline, after the video, and after the memory task. The memory task consisted of incidental encoding of 30 intermixed pictures (10 positive, 10 negative, 10 neutral valence), followed by free recall. The mood manipulation changed people's self-reported valence, yet it did not influence self-reported arousal. The memory task revealed a consistent negativity bias in young adults. Older adults recalled negative and positive pictures equally well in all conditions. After viewing a negative video, they recalled positive pictures more often than neutral pictures, but did not show the same advantage for negative pictures over neutral pictures. This positive memory advantage was weaker in the positive mood condition. Therefore, mood manipulation influenced in part older adults' emotional memory bias, showing some signs of mood incongruence which we discuss in terms of emotion regulation. This shows the importance of accounting for mood differences in studies on aging and memory. The robust age group differences support the view that the positivity effect in aging is the result of a negativity bias that fades with age.
老年人往往比年轻人情绪更积极，而且比起负面信息，他们往往更容易记住正面信息，然而他们积极的情绪与积极的记忆偏差之间的联系却很少被探讨。在本研究中，我们在年轻人和老年人完成一项情绪记忆任务之前对他们的情绪进行了操控。对于情绪操控，年轻组（(n = 147)）和老年组（(n = 111)）观看一段时长3分钟的正面、负面或中性视频。为了验证情绪诱导，我们在基线、视频观看后以及记忆任务后收集了自我报告的效价和唤醒度评分（情感滑块；贝特拉和费尔舒尔，2016）。记忆任务包括对30张混合图片（10张正面、10张负面、10张中性效价）进行 incidental编码，然后进行自由回忆。情绪操控改变了人们自我报告的效价，但并未影响自我报告的唤醒度。记忆任务揭示了年轻人中一致存在的负性偏差。在所有条件下，老年人对负面和正面图片的回忆情况同样良好。观看负面视频后，他们对正面图片的回忆频率高于中性图片，但对于负面图片相对于中性图片并没有表现出同样的优势。这种积极的记忆优势在积极情绪条件下较弱。因此，情绪操控部分影响了老年人的情绪记忆偏差，表现出一些情绪不一致的迹象，我们将从情绪调节的角度进行讨论。这表明在衰老与记忆的研究中考虑情绪差异的重要性。明显的年龄组差异支持了这样一种观点，即衰老过程中的积极效应是随着年龄增长而逐渐消失的负性偏差的结果。
