Grühn Daniel, Scheibe Susanne, Baltes Paul B
Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Lentzeallee 94, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
Psychol Aging. 2007 Sep;22(3):644-9. doi: 10.1037/0882-7974.22.3.644.
Using the heterogeneity-homogeneity list paradigm, the authors investigated 48 young adults' (20-30 years) and 48 older adults' (65-75 years) recognition memory for emotional pictures. The authors obtained no evidence for a positivity bias in older adults' memory: Age differences were primarily driven by older adults' diminished ability to remember negative pictures. The authors further found a strong effect of list types: Pictures, particularly neutral ones, were better recognized in homogeneous (blocked) lists than in heterogeneous (mixed) ones. Results confirm those of a previous study by D. Grühn, J. Smith, and P. B. Baltes (2005) that used a different type of to-be-remembered material, that is, pictures instead of words.
作者采用异质性-同质性列表范式,研究了48名年轻人(20 - 30岁)和48名老年人(65 - 75岁)对情绪图片的识别记忆。作者没有获得证据表明老年人的记忆存在积极偏向:年龄差异主要是由老年人记忆负面图片的能力下降所驱动的。作者进一步发现了列表类型的强烈影响:图片,尤其是中性图片,在同质性(分组)列表中比在异质性(混合)列表中得到更好的识别。研究结果证实了D. 格鲁恩、J. 史密斯和P. B. 巴尔特斯(2005年)之前的一项研究结果,该研究使用了不同类型的待记忆材料,即图片而非单词。