Alpandi Amni Haslinda, Husin Hazlina, Jeffri Syaza Izzaty, Sidek Akhmal, Mingyuan Lim
Department of Petroleum Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia.
Department of Petroleum Engineering, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia.
ACS Omega. 2022 Aug 22;7(35):30730-30745. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01333. eCollection 2022 Sep 6.
In empowering the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goal, the oil industry is inclined toward organic wax inhibitor applications when combatting the wax deposition issue during crude oil production. This is because synthetic chemical inhibitors are costly and have the potential to create environmental problems when oil spillage or seepage occurs during transportation or operation. This study evaluates the impact of low-cost, natural plant-based inhibitors such as Jatropha seed oil (JSO), crude palm oil, and crude palm kernel oil (CPKO) on paraffin inhibition efficiency (PIE, %) and rheological properties of Malaysian waxy crude oil. By using cold finger equipment and a Fann viscometer, the amount of solid wax deposits, apparent viscosity, plastic viscosity, yield value, and gel strength were determined. Commercialized ethylene--vinyl acetate and triethanolamine compounds were used for a comparative study. For the wax deposition test, the results revealed that the highest average PIE obtained was 86.30% when 5% JSO was blended with Penara crude oil. Meanwhile, the rheological test proved that 5% JSO and 1% CPKO were acting as highest viscosity-reducing agents at 60 °C below the wax appearance temperature (WAT). The discovery of palm-based and Jatropha-based inhibitors from Malaysia's palm oil plantation and Malaysian JSO as a wax inhibitor was found to be beneficial for the application of wax deposition and rheological studies in crude oil production with a less harmful environment for sustainable energy production.
在推动联合国可持续发展目标的过程中，石油行业在应对原油生产过程中的蜡沉积问题时倾向于使用有机蜡抑制剂。这是因为合成化学抑制剂成本高昂，并且在运输或操作过程中发生石油泄漏或渗漏时有可能引发环境问题。本研究评估了低成本的天然植物基抑制剂，如麻疯树籽油（JSO）、毛棕榈油和粗棕榈仁油（CPKO）对马来西亚含蜡原油的石蜡抑制效率（PIE，%）和流变特性的影响。通过使用冷指装置和范氏粘度计，测定了固体蜡沉积物的量、表观粘度、塑性粘度、屈服值和凝胶强度。使用商业化的乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯和三乙醇胺化合物进行对比研究。对于蜡沉积试验，结果显示，当5%的JSO与佩纳拉原油混合时，获得的最高平均PIE为86.30%。同时，流变试验证明，在低于析蜡温度（WAT）60℃时，5%的JSO和1%的CPKO是降低粘度效果最佳的试剂。从马来西亚棕榈油种植园发现的基于棕榈和麻疯树的抑制剂以及作为蜡抑制剂的马来西亚JSO，被发现有利于原油生产中的蜡沉积和流变学研究应用，且对可持续能源生产的环境危害较小。
