Pharmaceutical and Fermentation Industries Development Center, City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications, Alexandria, Egypt.
Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt.
J Sep Sci. 2022 Nov;45(22):4052-4069. doi: 10.1002/jssc.202200481. Epub 2022 Sep 18.
Antimicrobial agents are essential to protect human and animal health. During the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, antimicrobials such as cephalosporins were widely used as prophylactics and to prevent bacterial co-infection. Undoubtedly, the prevalence of antibiotics in the aquatic environment will ultimately affect the degree of resistance against these bacteria in animals and the environmental systems. In order to monitor 16 cephalosporins in the aquatic environment, we developed a new liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method that functioned simultaneously under positive and negative electrospray ionization switching modes. The chromatographic separation has been implemented using a pentafluorophenyl propyl column kept at 40°C. The limits of detection and quantitation for the studied cephalosporins ranged from (8 × 10 ) to (7.11 × 10 ) ng/ml and from (2.61 × 10 ) to (2.37 × 10 ) ng/ml, respectively. The percent extraction efficiency (apparent recovery) and relative standard deviations for the analyzed cephalosporins ranged from 61.69% to 167.67% and 2.45% to 13.48%, respectively. The overall findings showed that the effluent from the wastewater treatment plants that receive wastewater from pharmaceutical factories had a higher detected amount of cephalosporins than that of domestic sewage. Moreover, seven cephalosporins, including cefuroxime, ceftazidime, cefradine, cefprozil, cefixime, cefalexin, and cefadroxil (0.68-105.45 ng/L) were determined in the aquatic environment.
抗生素对于保护人类和动物健康至关重要。在 2019 年冠状病毒病大流行期间，头孢菌素等抗生素被广泛用作预防药物和预防细菌合并感染。毫无疑问，抗生素在水环境中的普遍存在最终会影响动物和环境系统对这些细菌的耐药程度。为了监测水环境中的 16 种头孢菌素，我们开发了一种新的液相色谱-串联质谱法，该方法可在正、负离子喷雾切换模式下同时运行。色谱分离采用五氟丙基丙基柱在 40°C 下进行。研究头孢菌素的检测限和定量限范围分别为（8×10）至（7.11×10）ng/ml 和（2.61×10）至（2.37×10）ng/ml。分析头孢菌素的提取效率（表观回收率）和相对标准偏差分别为 61.69%至 167.67%和 2.45%至 13.48%。总体结果表明，接收制药厂废水的污水处理厂的污水流出物中头孢菌素的检出量高于生活污水。此外，在水环境中还检测到七种头孢菌素，包括头孢呋辛、头孢他啶、头孢拉定、头孢丙烯、头孢克肟、头孢氨苄和头孢羟氨苄（0.68-105.45ng/L）。
