Department of Natural Resources the Environment, Cornell Biological Field Station, Cornell University, Bridgeport, NY, 13030, USA. .
5597 New Meadow Dr., Ypsilanti, MI, 48197, USA. .
Zootaxa. 2022 Sep 5;5182(2):183-195. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.5182.2.5.
Large cyclopoid copepods of the genus Cyclops Mller, 1776 are seldom collected in the Laurentian Great Lakes, with only Cyclops scutifer Sars, 1863 and Cyclops strenuus Fischer, 1851 reported from the region. Rare reports of the species C. strenuus date back to 1972 within the Great Lakes basin. The first specimens reported as C. strenuus were collected from the St. Marys River, and additional specimens have been collected from western Lake Erie since 2013. We examined all available archived materials of C. strenuus from the Great Lakes and determined that specimens from the two localities belong to two separate species, neither of which refer to C. strenuus. Archived specimens collected from the St. Marys River in 1972 and 1995 were reidentified as Cyclops sibiricus Lindberg, 1949, a Holarctic species known from Siberia, Russian Federation, Alaska, USA, and northern regions of Canada. The occurrences of C. sibiricus from the St. Marys River extend the known distribution of the species southward some 1,688 km in the Nearctic region. Cyclops specimens collected from the western basin of Lake Erie in 2013, 2014, and 2019 were identified as the Palearctic species Cyclops divergens Lindberg, 1936 using both conventional taxonomy and genetic barcoding. C. divergens is known from localities across much of Europe and eastward into Central Asia. The occurrences of the species from western Lake Erie constitute the first detection of C. divergens in the Great Lakes and the Nearctic region. Therefore, we expect C. strenuus does not occur in the Great Lakes basin and is likely restricted to the Palearctic region.
大眼剑水蚤属（Cyclops Mller，1776）的大型剑水蚤在北美五大湖地区很少被采集到，仅有沙氏大眼剑水蚤（Cyclops scutifer Sars，1863）和强壮大眼剑水蚤（Cyclops strenuus Fischer，1851）被报道。关于强壮大眼剑水蚤的稀有报道可追溯到 1972 年的大湖区。首次报道的强壮大眼剑水蚤标本来自圣玛丽河，自 2013 年以来，在西伊利湖也采集到了更多的标本。我们检查了大湖区所有可用的强壮大眼剑水蚤存档标本，确定来自两个地点的标本属于两个不同的物种，都与强壮大眼剑水蚤无关。1972 年和 1995 年在圣玛丽河采集的存档标本被重新鉴定为环斑猛水蚤（Cyclops sibiricus Lindberg，1949），这是一种已知分布于西伯利亚、俄罗斯联邦、美国阿拉斯加和加拿大北部的全北界物种。圣玛丽河的环斑猛水蚤的出现将该物种在近北极地区的已知分布向南延伸了约 1688 公里。2013 年、2014 年和 2019 年在伊利湖西部盆地采集的剑水蚤标本被鉴定为 Palearctic 物种 Lindberg，1936 年的分歧大眼剑水蚤（Cyclops divergens），使用传统分类学和遗传条形码。分歧大眼剑水蚤分布于欧洲大部分地区和中亚东部。该物种在伊利湖西部的出现标志着在大湖和近北极地区首次发现分歧大眼剑水蚤。因此，我们预计强壮大眼剑水蚤不在大湖区出现，可能局限于古北界。
