Beijing Laboratory of Environmental Frontier Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada.
Food Chem Toxicol. 2022 Nov;169:113415. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113415. Epub 2022 Sep 10.
The biological effects and fate of the chiral illicit drug amphetamine in the presence and absence of microplastics on freshwater algae (Chlorella pyrenoids), including acute toxicity, growth inhibition, photosynthetic pigment content, oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and enantioselective fate were assessed. An agglomeration and the shading effects of microplastics in algae suspension were also determined. Microplastics were observed to increase the toxicity of amphetamine to algae and reduce algae cell growth. Exposed Chlorella pyrenoids exhibited a reduced algae cell counts in an agglomeration test, wherein algae cells decreased between 18% and 56% among treatment groups exposed to 5-50 mg L of microplastics. The agglomeration test suggested that microplastics might significantly increase the adverse effect on algae. Furthermore, our experiments demonstrated enantioselective degradation of amphetamine in algae, and demonstrated that the S-enantiomer was preferably degraded by algae cells. Adding microplastics to the algae suspension significantly reduced the enantioselectivity, with an EF value of 0.41 compared with amphetamine-alone group (0.34) after 21 d exposure. These results demonstrated the first evidence of microplastics acting as a vehicle to enhance amphetamine toxicity to Chlorella pyrenoids, as well as provided new insights into the co-effect of microplastics and organic contaminants on food source.
在存在和不存在微塑料的情况下，评估了手性非法药物苯丙胺对淡水藻类（蛋白核小球藻）的生物效应和命运，包括急性毒性、生长抑制、光合色素含量、氧化应激、脂质过氧化和对映体选择性命运。还确定了微塑料在藻类悬浮液中的聚集和遮光效应。观察到微塑料增加了苯丙胺对藻类的毒性，并降低了藻类细胞的生长。在聚集试验中，暴露的蛋白核小球藻表现出藻类细胞计数减少，其中暴露于 5-50mg/L 微塑料的处理组中的藻类细胞减少了 18%-56%。聚集试验表明，微塑料可能会显著增加对藻类的不利影响。此外，我们的实验证明了苯丙胺在藻类中的对映体选择性降解，并表明 S-对映体更优先被藻类细胞降解。在藻类悬浮液中添加微塑料会显著降低对映体选择性，与单独添加苯丙胺组（0.34）相比，暴露 21 天后的 EF 值为 0.41。这些结果首次证明了微塑料作为一种载体来增强苯丙胺对蛋白核小球藻的毒性，同时为微塑料和有机污染物对食物源的共同影响提供了新的见解。
