衰老能否作为一种病原体控制策略而进化？

Could aging evolve as a pathogen control strategy?

作者信息

Lidsky Peter V, Andino Raul

机构信息

Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.

出版信息

Trends Ecol Evol. 2022 Dec;37(12):1046-1057. doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2022.08.003. Epub 2022 Sep 9.

DOI:10.1016/j.tree.2022.08.003

PMID:36096982

Abstract

Aging is often attributed to the detrimental side effects of beneficial traits but not a programmed adaptive process. Alternatively, the pathogen control hypothesis posits that defense against infectious diseases may provide a strong selection force for restriction of lifespan. Aging might have evolved to remove older individuals who carry chronic diseases that may transmit to their younger kin. Thus, selection for shorter lifespans may benefit kin's fitness. The pathogen control hypothesis addresses arguments typically raised against adaptive aging concepts: it explains the benefit of shorter lifespan and the absence of mutant variants that do not age. We discuss the consistency and explanatory power of this hypothesis and compare it with classic hypotheses of aging.

摘要

衰老通常被归因于有益特征的有害副作用，而不是一个程序化的适应性过程。另一种观点认为，病原体控制假说认为，抵御传染病可能为限制寿命提供强大的选择压力。衰老可能已经进化，以去除那些携带可能传染给年轻亲属的慢性病的老年人。因此，选择较短的寿命可能有利于亲属的适应性。病原体控制假说回应了通常针对适应性衰老概念提出的论点：它解释了较短寿命的益处以及不存在不会衰老的突变变体。我们讨论了这一假说的一致性和解释力，并将其与经典的衰老假说进行比较。