Veterinary Integrative Biosciences Department, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-4458, USA.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Jan;30(5):11417-11430. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-22927-8. Epub 2022 Sep 12.
The co-occurrence of mixtures of glyphosate (GLP) and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) in contaminated water, soil, sediment, and plants is a cause for concern due to potential threats to the ecosystem and human health. Major routes of exposure include contact with contaminated water and soil and through consumption of crops containing GLP and AMPA residues. Calcium montmorillonite (CM) and acid-processed montmorillonite (APM) clays were investigated for their ability to tightly sorb and detoxify GLP and AMPA mixtures. In vitro adsorption and desorption isotherms and thermodynamic analysis indicated saturable Langmuir binding of both chemicals with high capacities, affinities, enthalpies, and free energies of sorption and low desorption rates. In silico computational modeling indicated that both GLP and AMPA can be readily absorbed onto clay surfaces through electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding. The safety and efficacy of the clays were confirmed using well-established living organisms, including an aquatic cnidarian (Hydra vulgaris), a soil nematode (Caenorhabditis elegans), and a floating plant (Lemna minor). Low levels of clay inclusion (0.05% and 0.2%) in the culture medium resulted in increased growth and protection against chemical mixtures based on multiple endpoints. Results indicated that montmorillonite clays may be used to bind mixtures of GLP and AMPA in water, soil, and plants.
草甘膦 (GLP) 和氨甲基膦酸 (AMPA) 混合物在受污染的水、土壤、沉积物和植物中的共同存在令人担忧，因为它们可能对生态系统和人类健康构成威胁。主要的暴露途径包括接触受污染的水和土壤，以及食用含有 GLP 和 AMPA 残留的作物。钙蒙脱石 (CM) 和酸处理蒙脱石 (APM) 粘土被研究用于其紧密吸附和解毒 GLP 和 AMPA 混合物的能力。体外吸附和解吸等温线和热力学分析表明，这两种化学物质都具有高容量、亲和力、焓和吸附自由能，以及低解吸率的可饱和朗缪尔结合。计算机模拟计算表明，GLP 和 AMPA 都可以通过静电相互作用和氢键很容易地被吸附到粘土表面上。粘土的安全性和功效已通过包括水螅 (Hydra vulgaris)、土壤线虫 (Caenorhabditis elegans) 和漂浮植物 (Lemna minor) 在内的成熟生物得到证实。在培养基中加入低浓度的粘土 (0.05%和 0.2%) 会导致基于多个终点的生长增加和对化学混合物的保护。结果表明，蒙脱石粘土可用于结合水中、土壤中和植物中的 GLP 和 AMPA 混合物。
