Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Universidad Pública de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Ageing (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC, Australia.
Lancet Healthy Longev. 2021 Jun;2(6):e380-e383. doi: 10.1016/S2666-7568(21)00079-9. Epub 2021 Jun 3.
Physical function (ie, aerobic capacity, gait speed, and muscle strength) has been proposed as a biomarker of healthy ageing, as it is predictive of adverse health events, disability, and mortality. The role of physical exercise as a therapeutic strategy for prevention of both disease and the associated decline in functional capacity has been emphasised repeatedly. Supervised exercise interventions in hospitalised older people (aged ≥75 years) have been proved to be safe and effective in preventing or attenuating functional and cognitive decline. Unfortunately, few studies have explored the potential role of tailored physical activity guidelines to maximise exercise-related effect on function. Also, exercise has not been fully integrated into primary or geriatric medical practice and is almost absent from the core training of most medical doctors and other health-care providers. Physical trainers should be included in health-care systems to help manage physical exercise programmes for older patients. Taking into consideration current evidence about the benefits of exercise for frail older adults, it is unethical not to prescribe physical exercise for such individuals. To promote healthy and dignified ageing, it is therefore essential to help health-care systems to more efficiently implement evidence-based exercise programmes for frail older adults in all community and care settings.
身体机能（如有氧能力、步态速度和肌肉力量）已被提出作为健康老龄化的生物标志物，因为它可预测不良健康事件、残疾和死亡。身体锻炼作为预防疾病和相关身体机能下降的治疗策略的作用已被反复强调。已证实，对住院老年人（年龄≥75 岁）进行监督锻炼干预可安全有效地预防或减缓功能和认知能力下降。不幸的是，很少有研究探讨量身定制的体育活动指南在最大限度地提高与运动相关的功能效果方面的潜在作用。此外，锻炼尚未完全纳入初级或老年医学实践，并且在大多数医生和其他医疗保健提供者的核心培训中几乎不存在。应将体能训练师纳入医疗保健系统，以帮助管理老年患者的身体锻炼计划。考虑到目前关于锻炼对体弱老年人的益处的证据，对于此类人群不规定进行身体锻炼是不道德的。为了促进健康和有尊严的老龄化，因此必须帮助医疗保健系统在所有社区和护理环境中更有效地为体弱老年人实施基于证据的锻炼计划。
