Bost Muriel, Richard Emmanuel, Redonnet-Vernhet Isabelle, Parant François, Boulet Lysiane, Dupré Thierry, Collin-Chavagnac Delphine, Mesli Samir, Beauvieux Marie-Christine
CBAPS, UM Pharmaco-Tox, Laboratoire Analyse de Trace et Métaux Toxiques, CHU Lyon, France
Service de Biochimie, Groupe Hospitalier Pellegrin, CHU de Bordeaux, France
Ann Biol Clin (Paris). 2022 Jul 1;80(4):319-331. doi: 10.1684/abc.2022.1741.
Nutritional status is an important protection factor against viral infections. Both undernutrition and malnutrition cause deficits in micronutrients, trace elements and vitamins necessary for various physiological functions and the appropriate functioning of the immune system. These deficiencies and infectious diseases often coexist, with complex interactions. An assessment of the micro-nutrient nutritional status of Covid-19 patients has not been at the center of priorities and recommendations, due to both the medical emergency and the absence of direct evidence and rapid effects of supplementation. Few recommendations have come from learned societies due to the lack of significant evidence of the effects of supplementation in positive patients and a need for robust studies. Essential trace elements and vitamins are necessary for the differentiation, activation and execution of many functions of immune cells, but their specific role has yet to be defined. This review article discusses in the context of Covid-19 the importance of micronutrients (selenium, copper, zinc, vitamins C, D, A and those of group B) in the host to tend towards an optimization of the immune response to infections. A nutritional balance remains the key word for achieving micronutrient homeostasis. Attention had to be paid to micronutrients in primary prevention, in the general population, in order to reduce the risk of impaired nutritional status in case of major health situations.
营养状况是预防病毒感染的重要保护因素。营养不良和营养缺乏都会导致各种生理功能及免疫系统正常运作所需的微量营养素、微量元素和维生素缺乏。这些缺乏症与传染病常常并存，相互作用复杂。由于医疗紧急情况以及缺乏直接证据和补充剂的快速效果，对新冠患者微量营养素营养状况的评估尚未成为优先事项和建议的核心。由于缺乏补充剂对阳性患者效果的重要证据以及需要进行有力研究，学术团体给出的建议很少。必需微量元素和维生素对于免疫细胞多种功能的分化、激活和执行至关重要，但其具体作用尚未明确。这篇综述文章在新冠疫情背景下讨论了微量营养素（硒、铜、锌、维生素C、D、A和B族维生素）在宿主中对优化感染免疫反应的重要性。营养平衡仍然是实现微量营养素稳态的关键。在初级预防中，必须关注普通人群中的微量营养素，以降低在重大健康状况下营养状况受损的风险。
