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黏液性水肿性中心性甲状腺功能减退症:一种不常见但具有临床挑战性的表现。

Central hypothyroidism with myxoedema: a less known but clinically challenging presentation.

机构信息

Endocrinology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences - Rishikesh, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India.

Endocrinology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences - Rishikesh, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India

出版信息

BMJ Case Rep. 2022 Sep 13;15(9):e250282. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2022-250282.

Abstract

Myxoedema can have a variety of presentations, from mild cognitive impairment to psychosis, to overt coma. While majority of cases have primary hypothyroidism as the underlying aetiology, very few cases have central hypothyroidism. We report two patients who presented with myxoedema and were diagnosed with central hypothyroidism. A man in his 50s with a history of panhypopituitarism presented with hypotension, slurring of speech and psychosis that worsened to coma. He was initially treated as adrenal crisis, and on failing to improve he was later treated correctly as myxoedema coma. A woman in her 30s presented with bradykinesia and shock and was diagnosed with Sheehan's syndrome based on hormonal and imaging features. Both patients improved with a loading dose of oral thyroxine and intravenous steroids. Central hypothyroidism presenting with myxoedema is often complicated by coexisting pituitary hormone deficiencies. A high index of suspicion is required for better treatment outcomes.

摘要

黏液性水肿可表现为多种形式,从轻度认知障碍到精神病,再到明显昏迷。虽然大多数病例的潜在病因是原发性甲状腺功能减退症,但极少数病例是中枢性甲状腺功能减退症。我们报告了两名表现为黏液性水肿并被诊断为中枢性甲状腺功能减退症的患者。一名 50 多岁的男性患有全垂体功能减退症,表现为低血压、言语不清和精神病,病情恶化至昏迷。他最初被诊断为肾上腺危象,在未能改善后,他后来被正确地诊断为黏液性水肿昏迷。一名 30 多岁的女性表现为运动迟缓、休克,并根据激素和影像学特征被诊断为席汉氏综合征。两名患者均通过口服甲状腺素负荷剂量和静脉注射类固醇治疗得到改善。表现为黏液性水肿的中枢性甲状腺功能减退症常伴有并存的垂体激素缺乏症。需要高度怀疑以获得更好的治疗效果。

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Handb Clin Neurol. 2021;181:29-40. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-820683-6.00003-8.
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Myxedema coma.黏液性水肿昏迷
Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2006 Dec;35(4):687-98, vii-viii. doi: 10.1016/j.ecl.2006.09.003.

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