Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2023 Feb;77(2):246-254. doi: 10.1038/s41430-022-01209-z. Epub 2022 Sep 13.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: To assess the reproducibility and validity of a Toronto-modified Harvard food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) among a multi-ethnic sample of young adults.
SUBJECTS/METHODS: A total of 150 participants recruited from the Toronto Nutrigenomics and Health Study cohort who had existing dietary intakes assessed by FFQ (FFQ1) and reassessment one year later (FFQ2). Of these, 100 participants also completed a three-day food record to evaluate the validity of the FFQ for 38 nutrients (energy, 14 macronutrients, 22 micronutrients, and 1 bioactive). Analyses were also stratified between the two major ethnic groups (Caucasian and East Asian).
Among the full sample, mean intakes of most nutrients (27/38) did not differ significantly between estimates derived from FFQ2 compared to the three-day food record. Energy, sex, and ethnicity adjusted deattenuated Pearson correlation coefficients ranged from 0.20 to 0.92 (mean r = 0.52 ± 0.15), and 34/38 validity coefficients were r ≥ 0.32. Gross misclassification of intakes between FFQ2 and the three-day food record was low (<6%), but energy, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and sodium were underestimated by FFQ2. Mean intakes between FFQ1 and FFQ2 did not differ significantly for any nutrient. Between the two major ethnic groups, mean validity coefficients were similar, but varied for individual nutrients with saturated fat, PUFA, and omega 3 being among the most discrepant.
Compared to a three-day food record, the Toronto-modified Harvard FFQ is a reproducible and valid tool to estimate dietary intake among a multi-ethnic sample of young adults. However, incorporation of protocols to improve the assessment of culturally diverse diets should be considered.
背景/目的：评估多伦多改良哈佛食物频率问卷（FFQ）在多民族年轻成年人样本中的可重复性和有效性。
受试者/方法：从多伦多营养基因组学和健康研究队列中招募了 150 名参与者，他们已经通过 FFQ（FFQ1）评估了现有的饮食摄入量，并在一年后进行了重新评估（FFQ2）。其中，100 名参与者还完成了为期三天的食物记录，以评估 FFQ 对 38 种营养素（能量、14 种宏量营养素、22 种微量营养素和 1 种生物活性物质）的有效性。分析还按两个主要族裔（白人和东亚人）进行分层。
在整个样本中，与三天食物记录相比，FFQ2 估计的大多数营养素（27/38）的摄入量没有显著差异。经过能量、性别和族裔调整后的去衰减 Pearson 相关系数范围为 0.20 至 0.92（平均 r=0.52±0.15），38 个有效性系数中有 34 个 r≥0.32。FFQ2 与三天食物记录之间的摄入量总体错误分类率较低（<6%），但能量、多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）和钠被 FFQ2 低估。FFQ1 和 FFQ2 之间的平均摄入量在任何营养素上均无显著差异。在两个主要族裔群体中，平均有效性系数相似，但个别营养素的有效性系数存在差异，其中饱和脂肪、PUFA 和欧米伽 3 差异最大。
与三天食物记录相比，多伦多改良哈佛 FFQ 是一种可重复且有效的工具，可用于评估多民族年轻成年人的饮食摄入量。然而，应该考虑采用改进文化多样化饮食评估的方案。
