Graduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan.
BMC Geriatr. 2022 Sep 13;22(1):748. doi: 10.1186/s12877-022-03299-7.
The oldest old, defined as those aged 90 or over, is now the fastest-growing population sector. This study aimed to determine reference values for several physical performance measures (PPMs) among 90-year-olds using internationally standardized measurements and to clarify the characteristics of these indices by comparing their results for 90-year-olds with those for older people 70 and 80.
We used the Septuagenarians, Octogenarians, and Nonagenarians Investigation with Centenarians (SONIC) study data from 2010 to 2018. The study subjects were 70, 80, and 90-year-olds in the target area eligible to participate in the venue. Excluding those certified for long-term care, the final number of eligible persons is 70s cohort 1000 (2010), 80s cohort 973 (2011), and 90s cohort 690. 90s cohort only consisted of three survey waves: 2012, 2015, and 2018. We used hand grip strength and score on the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) for our physical performance measurements. In addition, we statistically analyzed sex and age differences.
The simple mean ± standard deviation (SD) for the 90-year-old respondents were in men, 24.1 ± 5.4 kg in hand grip strength, 0.80 ± 0.22 m/s in usual gait speed, 17.2 ± 6.73 s in 5times chair stand, 5.89 ± 4.42 s in tandem balance, and 8.3 ± 2.2 in SPPB respectively and in women, 14.4 ± 4.0 kg in hand grip strength, 0.72 ± 0.20 m/s in usual gait speed, 17.8 ± 7.89 s in 5times chair stand, 4.72 ± 4.35 s in tandem balance, and 7.5 ± 2.4 in SPPB, respectively. For all PPMs, the age 90 cohort was statistically significantly different from the age 70 and 80 cohorts (all trends P < 0.001). Hand grip strength decreased with a similar gradient with age cohort increase of 10 years for both sexes. In contrast, SPPB lower limb score showed a larger drop between the age 80 and 90 cohorts than between the age 70 and 80 cohorts. We also constructed sex-specific appraisal standards according to quintiles.
Our study yielded inclusive sex-specific reference values and appraisal standards for major physical performance measures not certified as requiring long-term care, community-dwelling, oldest old Japanese. The characteristics of age-related decline in physical performance differed between the upper and lower extremity assessments.
90 岁及以上的老年人是目前增长最快的人口群体，被定义为最年长的老年人。本研究旨在使用国际标准化的测量方法确定 90 岁老年人的多项身体表现测量（PPM）的参考值，并通过比较 90 岁老年人与 70 岁和 80 岁老年人的结果来阐明这些指标的特征。
我们使用了 2010 年至 2018 年的“七十、八十和九十岁老年人与百岁老人研究（SONIC）”的数据。研究对象是目标地区符合参加场地条件的 70、80 和 90 岁老年人。不包括经认证需要长期护理的老年人，符合条件的 70 岁队列人数为 1000 人（2010 年），80 岁队列为 973 人（2011 年），90 岁队列为 690 人。90 岁队列仅包括三个调查波：2012 年、2015 年和 2018 年。我们使用握力和简短体能表现电池（SPPB）评分作为我们的身体表现测量。此外，我们还进行了统计学分析，以比较性别和年龄差异。
90 岁男性受访者的简单平均值±标准差（SD）分别为握力 24.1±5.4kg，常规步速 0.80±0.22m/s，5 次椅子站立 17.2±6.73s，平衡式站立 5.89±4.42s，SPPB 为 8.3±2.2。女性受访者的相应数据分别为握力 14.4±4.0kg，常规步速 0.72±0.20m/s，5 次椅子站立 17.8±7.89s，平衡式站立 4.72±4.35s，SPPB 为 7.5±2.4。对于所有 PPM，90 岁年龄组与 70 岁和 80 岁年龄组在统计学上有显著差异（所有趋势 P<0.001）。两性的握力都随着年龄组增加 10 岁而以相似的梯度下降。相比之下，SPPB 下肢评分在 80 岁和 90 岁年龄组之间的下降幅度大于 70 岁和 80 岁年龄组之间的下降幅度。我们还根据五分位数为每个性别构建了专门的评估标准。
本研究为不需要长期护理、居住在社区的日本最年长老年人的主要身体表现测量提供了包括性别特异性的参考值和评估标准。上下肢评估中，身体表现随年龄下降的特征不同。
