Zhang Ziqi, Li Kui, Hong Mei
College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
Biology (Basel). 2022 Jun 21;11(7):945. doi: 10.3390/biology11070945.
Although direct damage to nuclear DNA is considered as the major contributing event that leads to radiation-induced effects, accumulating evidence in the past two decades has shown that non-target events, in which cells are not directly irradiated but receive signals from the irradiated cells, or cells irradiated at extranuclear targets, may also contribute to the biological consequences of exposure to ionizing radiation. With a beam diameter at the micrometer or sub-micrometer level, microbeams can precisely deliver radiation, without damaging the surrounding area, or deposit the radiation energy at specific sub-cellular locations within a cell. Such unique features cannot be achieved by other kinds of radiation settings, hence making a microbeam irradiator useful in studies of a radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE) and cytoplasmic irradiation. Here, studies on RIBE and different responses to cytoplasmic irradiation using microbeams are summarized. Possible mechanisms related to the bystander effect, which include gap-junction intercellular communications and soluble signal molecules as well as factors involved in cytoplasmic irradiation-induced events, are also discussed.
虽然核DNA的直接损伤被认为是导致辐射诱导效应的主要促成事件，但过去二十年来越来越多的证据表明，非靶向事件也可能导致电离辐射暴露的生物学后果，在这些非靶向事件中，细胞未被直接照射，但会接收来自受照射细胞的信号，或者细胞在细胞核外靶点受到照射。微束的光束直径在微米或亚微米级别，能够精确地传递辐射，而不会损伤周围区域，或者将辐射能量沉积在细胞内特定的亚细胞位置。其他类型的辐射装置无法实现这些独特的特性，因此微束辐照器在辐射诱导旁效应（RIBE）和细胞质辐照研究中很有用。在此，总结了使用微束对RIBE和细胞质辐照的不同反应的研究。还讨论了与旁效应相关的可能机制，包括间隙连接细胞间通讯和可溶性信号分子，以及参与细胞质辐照诱导事件的因素。
