Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Aichi, Japan.
Sci Rep. 2022 Sep 14;12(1):15454. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-19502-z.
Monobutyrin (MB) and monovalerin (MV), glycerol esters of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), have been shown to positively influence lipid profile and biomarkers in the gut and brain. This study examined whether MB and MV in high-fat diets, affected microbiota composition and gut-blood-brain markers in apolipoprotein E deficient (ApoE-/-) rats, a model for studies of lipid-associated disorders, and neurodegenerative processes in Alzheimer's disease (AD). ApoE-/- rats fed MB and MV increased Tenericutes and the brain neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), while the blood stress hormone corticosterone decreased compared to control rats. Only rats that received MB showed a significant increase in cholic acid and Adlercreutzia in the caecum. In rats fed MV, the decrease of Proteobacteria was associated with decreased corticosterone levels. Conclusively, dietary supplementation of SCFA glycerol esters can modulate gut-blood-brain markers and alter gut microbiota composition in ApoE-/- rats, suggesting that SCFAs also could counteract lipid disorders-related diseases.
丁酸单酯（MB）和戊酸单酯（MV）是短链脂肪酸（SCFA）的甘油酯，已被证明可积极影响肠道和大脑中的脂质谱和生物标志物。本研究探讨了高脂肪饮食中的 MB 和 MV 是否会影响载脂蛋白 E 缺陷（ApoE-/-）大鼠的微生物群组成和肠-血-脑标志物，ApoE-/- 大鼠是脂质相关疾病和阿尔茨海默病（AD）中神经退行性过程的研究模型。与对照组大鼠相比，用 MB 和 MV 喂养的 ApoE-/- 大鼠增加了厚壁菌门和脑神经递质γ-氨基丁酸（GABA），而血液应激激素皮质酮则降低。只有接受 MB 的大鼠的盲肠中胆酸和 Adlercreutzia 显著增加。在接受 MV 喂养的大鼠中，变形菌门的减少与皮质酮水平的降低有关。总之，SCFA 甘油酯的饮食补充可以调节 ApoE-/- 大鼠的肠-血-脑标志物并改变其肠道微生物群组成，表明 SCFA 也可以对抗与脂质紊乱相关的疾病。
