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脑干结核瘤的瘤样表现:一个教训。

Tumour-like presentation of brainstem tuberculoma: a lesson learnt.

机构信息

Department of Radiology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Department of Radiology, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia.

出版信息

BMJ Case Rep. 2022 Sep 15;15(9):e251672. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2022-251672.

Abstract

Brainstem tuberculoma is diagnostically challenging as it lacks clinical clues and imaging mimics a high-grade glioma (HGG). We report the case of an adolescent girl diagnosed with brainstem HGG, who was referred to our centre for Gamma Knife. Initial MRI showed a pontomedullary junction, ring-enhancing lobulated lesion demonstrating distinct central hypointensity on T2-weighted (T2W) and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images with extensive vasogenic oedema. An alternative diagnosis of infection was entertained, and biopsy was suggested; however, the parents opted for a trial of alternative treatment. Suboccipital craniotomy and debulking were only performed 3 months later when her symptoms worsened, and MRI revealed enlargement of the lesion. A cheesy 'tumour' was noted intraoperatively; histopathological findings later confirmed chronic granulomatous inflammation. In an endemic area, a high index of suspicion of a tuberculoma is vital specifically in the presence of central T2W/FLAIR hypointensity of a ring-enhancing lesion.

摘要

脑干结核瘤在诊断上具有挑战性,因为它缺乏临床线索,影像学表现类似于高级别胶质瘤(HGG)。我们报告了一例被诊断为脑干 HGG 的青少年女孩,她被转介到我们中心接受伽玛刀治疗。初始 MRI 显示桥延髓交界处有一个呈环状增强、分叶状的病变,在 T2 加权(T2W)和液体衰减反转恢复(FLAIR)图像上表现为明显的中央低信号,伴有广泛的血管源性水肿。考虑到感染的另一种诊断,并建议进行活检;然而,家长选择了尝试替代治疗。仅在 3 个月后,当她的症状恶化且 MRI 显示病变增大时,才进行了枕下开颅术和肿瘤切除术。术中发现奶酪样“肿瘤”;随后的组织病理学检查证实为慢性肉芽肿性炎症。在流行地区,对于存在环状增强病变的中央 T2W/FLAIR 低信号的结核瘤,需要高度怀疑,特别是在存在中央 T2W/FLAIR 低信号的情况下。

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