Anomalous behavior of a two-dimensional Hertzian disk system.

The anomalous behavior of a two-dimensional system of Hertzian disks with exponent α=7/2 has been studied using the method of molecular dynamics. The phase diagram of this system is the melting line of a triangular crystal with several maxima and minima. Waterlike density and diffusion anomalies have been found in the reentrant melting regions. Noteworthy, a density anomaly has been observed not only in the liquid and hexatic but also in the solid phase. The calculations of the phonon spectra of longitudinal and transverse modes have yielded negative dependence of the frequency of transverse modes on density along all directions in the regions with a density anomaly. This indicates an association of the density anomaly with transverse oscillations of the crystal lattice. The regions of density and diffusion anomalies have been drawn on the phase diagram. It has been found that the stability regions of anomalous diffusion extend to temperatures well above the maximum melting point T=0.0058 of the triangular crystal.