Rawlings Deb, Miller-Lewis Lauren, Tieman Jennifer, Swetenham Kate
Research Centre for Palliative Care Death and Dying, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
Research Centre for Palliative Care Death and Dying, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5001, AustraliaSchool of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences CQUniversity Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
Palliat Care Soc Pract. 2022 Sep 12;16:26323524221123344. doi: 10.1177/26323524221123344. eCollection 2022.
Death Doulas are working globally to provide non-medical end-of-life care. They have different training experiences and views on the role and whether it should be standardised.
To seek the views of organisations responsible for training Death Doulas in order to determine what the drivers are behind this emerging role.
We conducted an online survey with Death Doula training organisations in five countries utilising both a targeted and snowball approach. Qualitative analysis was undertaken with themes pre-determined (apriori) due to the nature of the survey categories.
In total, representatives from 13 organisations in Australia, New Zealand, Sweden, Canada, United Kingdom, and United States responded. The organisations had provided training for 0 to 20 years, with one just starting and another training birth doulas and now expanding. Owners and trainers hold an array of qualifications such as academic, medical, non-medical, and life experience. Curricula have usually been developed locally, and not always included pedagogical consideration, a strategic business model, nor mapping processes such as gap analysis. The organisations are run similarly, and curricula have several consistent topics but with distinctly different approaches. Trainers' views are also mixed about the way to proceed with registration of the Death Doula role.
The contrasting views of training organisations explain much of the ambiguity of Death Doulas themselves regarding standardisation of registration, education and role enactment. If heading towards the ultimate goal of professionalisation of the role then a challenging path lies ahead with little in the way of agreement in what this would require.
死亡关怀师在全球范围内致力于提供非医疗性的临终关怀。他们有着不同的培训经历，对于该角色以及是否应将其标准化也有不同看法。
探寻负责培训死亡关怀师的组织的观点，以确定这一新兴角色背后的驱动因素。
我们采用定向和滚雪球的方法，对五个国家的死亡关怀师培训组织进行了在线调查。由于调查类别的性质，采用预先确定的主题（先验）进行定性分析。
来自澳大利亚、新西兰、瑞典、加拿大、英国和美国的13个组织的代表做出了回应。这些组织的培训时长从0年到20年不等，其中一个刚刚起步，另一个原本培训分娩关怀师，现在业务有所拓展。组织者和培训师拥有一系列资质，包括学术、医学、非医学和生活经验方面的。课程通常是在当地开发的，并不总是包含教学考量、战略商业模式或差距分析等映射流程。这些组织的运营方式类似，课程有几个一致的主题，但方法却截然不同。培训师对于死亡关怀师角色注册的推进方式也存在不同看法。
培训组织的不同观点解释了死亡关怀师自身在注册、教育和角色实施标准化方面的诸多模糊之处。如果朝着该角色专业化的最终目标前进，那么前方的道路充满挑战，对于实现这一目标所需的条件几乎没有达成共识。
