Irwan Andi Masyitha, Potempa Kathleen, Abikusno Nugroho, Syahrul Syahrul
Faculty of Nursing, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia.
School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
J Multidiscip Healthc. 2022 Sep 9;15:2015-2032. doi: 10.2147/JMDH.S367638. eCollection 2022.
Self-care practices such as lifestyle modifications in diet, exercise, and stress management are effective in reducing the incidence of and enhancing better management of hypertension. However, little is known about the self-care management practices of people with hypertension in Southeast Asia (SEA) countries where the prevalence of hypertension is sharply increasing.
A scoping review of research and grey literature (2006-2021) was performed using Scoping Review Frameworks by Arkey and O'Malley. For the research literature, ten databases were searched followed by a manual search of the reference lists of relevant topical papers. Criteria for inclusion included both qualitative and quantitative primary data studies, focused on adult (18 years and over) hypertensive patients, self-care management methods, conducted in SEA. The study protocol has been registered at Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/s4nvk/).
Out of 1667 studies examined, there were 57 studies that met criteria and were included in this review. Results indicate a paucity of relevant literature. Moreover, most studies reviewed showed an incident rate of 50% or more incidence of behavioural risk factors in people diagnosed with hypertension, including overweight/obesity, poor physical exercise, poor/low-quality dietary intake, and not adhering to medication. Few studies indicated adequate traditional self-care practice among SEA hypertension populations. Use of a non-prescription herbal as the medication is identified in some studies. Several reviewed articles indicated that there is individual variation in the facilitators and barriers to implementing self-care practices and we put it into a working framework. The facilitators and barriers are relevant to personal choice (internal factors) or to the environment or context (external factors).
Enhancing self-care management of hypertension in SEA may require a multi-focused approach including targeting personal choice as well as external factors such as cultural relevance, environment, and resources.
饮食、运动和压力管理等生活方式改变的自我护理措施，在降低高血压发病率和加强高血压管理方面有效。然而，在高血压患病率急剧上升的东南亚国家，人们对高血压患者的自我护理管理措施知之甚少。
采用阿基和奥马利的范围审查框架，对2006年至2021年的研究及灰色文献进行范围审查。对于研究文献，搜索了十个数据库，随后手动搜索了相关主题论文的参考文献列表。纳入标准包括定性和定量的原始数据研究，研究对象为成年（18岁及以上）高血压患者、自我护理管理方法，研究在东南亚进行。该研究方案已在开放科学框架（https://osf.io/s4nvk/）注册。
在审查的1667项研究中，有57项研究符合标准并纳入本综述。结果表明相关文献匮乏。此外，大多数综述研究显示，被诊断患有高血压的人群中行为危险因素的发生率为50%或更高，包括超重/肥胖、体育锻炼不足、饮食摄入不佳/质量低以及不坚持服药。很少有研究表明东南亚高血压人群有足够的传统自我护理措施。一些研究发现有人使用非处方草药作为药物。几篇综述文章表明在实施自我护理措施的促进因素和障碍方面存在个体差异，我们将其纳入一个工作框架。促进因素和障碍与个人选择（内部因素）或环境或背景（外部因素）有关。
在东南亚加强高血压的自我护理管理可能需要采取多重点方法，包括针对个人选择以及文化相关性、环境和资源等外部因素。
