Hussen Feysal Mohammed, Adem Hassen Abdi, Roba Hirbo Shore, Mengistie Bezatu, Assefa Nega
Department of Public Health, College of Health Science, Kebridehar University, Kebridehar, Ethiopia.
School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia.
SAGE Open Med. 2020 Dec 3;8:2050312120974145. doi: 10.1177/2050312120974145. eCollection 2020.
Self-care practice is the activity that a hypertensive patient undertakes intending to improve their health. Poor self-care practice leads to uncontrolled hypertension. Therefore, strategies designed to prevent and control hypertension-related death, disability, and morbidity should consider the level of the patient's self-care practice and risk factors. This study assessed self-care practice and associated factors among hypertensive patients in public health facilities of Harar Town in eastern Ethiopia.
An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 398 randomly selected hypertensive patients from 25 March 2019 to 16 April 2019. Pretested structured questionnaires adapted from validated tools were used to collect data from participants using electronic Open Data Kit software through face-to-face exit interview. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 24. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with self-care practice. Adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was used to report association and the significance was declared at value < 0.05.
Level of good self-care practice was 29.9% (95% confidence interval: 25.3% and 34.7%). Age ⩾ 60 years (adjusted odds ratio = 3.4, 95% confidence interval: 1.2 and 9.3), formal education (adjusted odds ratio = 2.3, 95% confidence interval: 1.3 and 4.2), absence of comorbidities (adjusted odds ratio = 1.8, 95% confidence interval: 1.1 and 3.1), adequate knowledge about hypertension (adjusted odds ratio = 4.7, 95% confidence interval: 2.5 and 8.8), good social support (adjusted odds ratio = 2.7, 95% confidence interval: 1.6 and 4.7), and being khat abstainer (adjusted odds ratio = 1.9, 95% confidence interval: 1.1 and 3.5) were significantly associated with good self-care practice.
The prevalence of good self-care practice was low. In this study, good self-care practice was significantly associated with age, formal education, comorbidities, knowledge about hypertension, social support, and current khat chewing condition. Regular check-up and follow-up of patients' compliance with self-management protocol, and more emphasis should be given to identify factors that potentially impeding patients' adherence to hypertension self-management protocol.
自我护理行为是高血压患者为改善自身健康而进行的活动。不良的自我护理行为会导致高血压控制不佳。因此，旨在预防和控制与高血压相关的死亡、残疾和发病的策略应考虑患者的自我护理行为水平和危险因素。本研究评估了埃塞俄比亚东部哈勒尔镇公共卫生机构中高血压患者的自我护理行为及相关因素。
于2019年3月25日至2019年4月16日对398名随机选取的高血压患者进行了一项基于机构的横断面研究。采用从经过验证的工具改编而来的预测试结构化问卷，通过电子开放式数据采集软件，经面对面离场访谈从参与者中收集数据。数据采用SPSS 24版进行分析。进行双变量和多变量逻辑回归分析以确定与自我护理行为相关的因素。采用95%置信区间的调整比值比来报告关联情况，显著性水平设定为P < 0.05。
良好自我护理行为的比例为29.9%（95%置信区间：25.3%和34.7%）。年龄≥60岁（调整比值比 = 3.4，95%置信区间：1.2和9.3）、接受正规教育（调整比值比 = 2.3，95%置信区间：1.3和4.2）、无合并症（调整比值比 = 1.8，95%置信区间：1.1和3.1）、对高血压有充分了解（调整比值比 = 4.7，95%置信区间：2.5和8.8）、有良好的社会支持（调整比值比 = 2.7，95%置信区间：1.6和4.7）以及不咀嚼恰特草（调整比值比 = 1.9，95%置信区间：1.1和3.5）与良好的自我护理行为显著相关。
良好自我护理行为的患病率较低。在本研究中，良好的自我护理行为与年龄、正规教育、合并症、对高血压的了解、社会支持以及当前的恰特草咀嚼状况显著相关。应定期检查和随访患者对自我管理方案的依从性，并且应更加重视识别可能阻碍患者坚持高血压自我管理方案的因素。
