MEA Forensic Engineers & Scientists, Richmond, BC, Canada.
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Front Public Health. 2022 Aug 30;10:915140. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.915140. eCollection 2022.
Walkway tribometers are used to measure available friction for evaluating walkway safety and pedestrian slip risk. Numerous variables can affect tribometer measurements, including the type and distribution of contaminants on the surface. Here, we quantified the effect of application method on contaminant film thickness, and the effect of film thickness on tribometer measurements on the four reference walkway surfaces used in ASTM F2508-16e. Distilled water, 0.05% sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) solution, and 0.04% Triton X-100 solution were poured, squirted, and sprayed onto the surfaces to quantify their naturally occurring film thicknesses. These application methods had a significant effect on the resulting film thickness ( < 0.038), with the pour method consistently generating the thickest films and the spray method generating the thinnest films. We then quantified the effect of film thickness for the three contaminants (thickness range 0.3-3.3 mm) on the friction measurements of three common tribometers (Mark IIIB, English XL, and BOT 3000E) on each reference surface. A separate ANOVA was used for each of the 3 × 4 × 3 = 36 combinations of tribometer, surface, and contaminant. Friction measured with the Mark IIIB decreased with increasing film thickness on one surface across all three contaminants and on a second surface with the SLS contaminant. Friction measured with the BOT 3000E was sensitive to film thickness on two surfaces with water and one surface with Triton. The XL was unaffected by contaminant film thickness. Overall, despite significant differences in film thickness with contaminant application method, friction measurements were either insensitive to film thickness or varied only a small amount in all cases except for the Mark IIIB on the roughest surface. Film thickness did not alter the relative slip resistance of the four ASTM F2508 reference surfaces.
行人步道摩擦系数测定仪用于测量可供使用的摩擦力，以评估行人步道的安全性和行人滑倒的风险。许多因素都会影响摩擦系数测定仪的测量结果，包括表面上污染物的类型和分布。在这里，我们量化了施加方法对污染物薄膜厚度的影响，以及薄膜厚度对 ASTM F2508-16e 中使用的四种参考行人步道表面的摩擦系数测定仪测量结果的影响。我们将蒸馏水、0.05% 十二烷基硫酸钠（SLS）溶液和 0.04% Triton X-100 溶液分别浇、喷、涂在表面上，以量化它们自然形成的薄膜厚度。这些施加方法对最终的薄膜厚度有显著影响（<0.038），其中浇涂法生成的薄膜最厚，喷涂法生成的薄膜最薄。然后，我们量化了三种污染物（厚度范围为 0.3-3.3 毫米）的薄膜厚度对三种常见摩擦系数测定仪（Mark IIIB、English XL 和 BOT 3000E）在每个参考表面上的摩擦测量结果的影响。我们对 3×4×3=36 种摩擦系数测定仪、表面和污染物的组合分别进行了单独的方差分析。在所有三种污染物的一个表面上，以及在 SLS 污染物的第二个表面上，Mark IIIB 测量的摩擦力随薄膜厚度的增加而降低。在两个表面上的水和一个表面上的 Triton 中，BOT 3000E 测量的摩擦力对薄膜厚度敏感。XL 不受污染物薄膜厚度的影响。总的来说，尽管污染物施加方法导致薄膜厚度有显著差异，但除了在最粗糙的表面上的 Mark IIIB 外，在所有情况下，摩擦力测量结果要么对薄膜厚度不敏感，要么只有很小的变化。薄膜厚度并没有改变 ASTM F2508 参考表面的相对防滑阻力。
