Chang W R, Grönqvist R, Leclercq S, Myung R, Makkonen L, Strandberg L, Brungraber R J, Mattke U, Thorpe S C
Liberty Mutual Research Center for Safety and Health, Hopkinton, MA 01748, USA.
Ergonomics. 2001 Oct 20;44(13):1217-32. doi: 10.1080/00140130110085574.
Friction has been widely used as a measure of slipperiness. However, controversies around friction measurements remain. The purposes of this paper are to summarize understanding about friction measurement related to slipperiness assessment of shoe and floor interface and to define test conditions based on biomechanical observations. In addition, friction mechanisms at shoe and floor interface on dry, liquid and solid contaminated, and on icy surfaces are discussed. It is concluded that static friction measurement, by the traditional use of a drag-type device, is only suitable for dry and clean surfaces, and dynamic and transition friction methods are needed to properly estimate the potential risk on contaminated surfaces. Furthermore, at least some of the conditions at the shoe/floor interface during actual slip accidents should be replicated as test conditions for friction measurements, such as sliding speed, contact pressure and normal force build-up rate.
摩擦已被广泛用作衡量滑溜程度的指标。然而，围绕摩擦测量仍存在争议。本文的目的是总结与鞋和地面界面滑溜性评估相关的摩擦测量的理解，并根据生物力学观察结果定义测试条件。此外，还讨论了在干燥、液体和固体污染以及结冰表面上鞋和地面界面的摩擦机制。得出的结论是，传统的拖曳式装置进行的静摩擦测量仅适用于干燥和清洁的表面，需要动态和过渡摩擦方法来正确估计污染表面上的潜在风险。此外，实际滑倒事故中鞋/地面界面的至少一些条件应作为摩擦测量的测试条件进行复制，例如滑动速度、接触压力和法向力建立速率。
