Davis Health System, Hemostasis and Thrombosis Center, University of California, Sacramento, California, USA.
Department of Haematology, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research (ICPMR), Sydney Centres for Thrombosis and Haemostasis, NSW Health Pathology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.
J Thromb Haemost. 2022 Nov;20(11):2494-2506. doi: 10.1111/jth.15884. Epub 2022 Oct 13.
For more than a decade, US laboratories have failed to implement solutions to help their clinicians in managing complex situations or patients on direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). The problem may find different origins, among which is the position of the Food and Drug Administration, which categorized these drugs as monitoring- and measurement-free, whereas other regulatory bodies like the European Medicines Agency or the Therapeutic Goods Administration in Australia were more conservative on the principle that the absence of proof (of monitoring/measurement benefits) is not proof of an absence (of monitoring/measurement needs). Pivotal clinical studies that led to the approval of DOACs were presented as devoid of such testing, although some companies considered monitoring as a solution to improve their benefit/risk ratio. In this JTH In Clinics issue, we report more than a decade of development that has permitted the activation of smart laboratory solutions to qualify or quantify DOACs and discuss myths and misconceptions around technical and regulatory requirements that support the current reluctance of implementing these technologies in most US laboratories. Use of DOACs is ever expanding, with DOAC prescriptions now exceeding those of other anticoagulants, including vitamin K antagonists, in some geographies. As this use increases, the likely need to measure DOAC exposure will also increase. Measurement of DOACs does not represent any technical difficulty. That these laboratory tests are not available in some locations suggests disparities in patient care, and we suggest it is time to address such inequalities.
十多年来,美国实验室一直未能找到解决方案,以帮助临床医生处理复杂情况或直接口服抗凝剂(DOAC)患者。问题可能有不同的根源,其中包括美国食品和药物管理局的立场,该局将这些药物归类为无需监测和无需测量,而欧洲药品管理局或澳大利亚治疗商品管理局等其他监管机构则更加保守,其原则是没有监测/测量益处的证据并不证明不存在(监测/测量需求)。导致 DOAC 获批的关键临床研究并未进行此类检测,尽管一些公司认为监测是提高其获益/风险比的一种解决方案。在本期 JTH Clinics 中,我们报告了十多年的发展情况,这些发展情况使智能实验室解决方案得以激活,以对 DOAC 进行定性或定量,并讨论了围绕技术和监管要求的误解和误解,这些要求支持了目前美国大多数实验室对这些技术的应用犹豫不决。DOAC 的使用不断扩大,在某些地区,DOAC 的处方现在超过了其他抗凝剂,包括维生素 K 拮抗剂。随着使用的增加,测量 DOAC 暴露的可能性也会增加。测量 DOAC 并不代表任何技术困难。这些实验室检测在某些地方不可用表明患者护理存在差异,我们建议现在是解决这些不平等问题的时候了。