School of Biochemical Engineering, IIT BHU, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India.
Department of Ageing Research, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India.
Biomed Mater. 2022 Sep 30;17(6). doi: 10.1088/1748-605X/ac92b4.
Graphene oxide (GO) offers a distinct opportunity in the field of biomedical engineering owing to its exceptionally high mechanical strength, excellent electrical conductivity, high optical transparency, and favorable biocompatibility. In this article, nanocomposite biocompatible GO-based scaffolds (chitosan/gelatin/nanobioglass/GO) Ch-G-NBG-GO were successfully fabricated through freeze drying technique (-40 °C) and evaluated for various physico-chemical and biological properties. The prepared Ch-G-NBG-GO composites have been investigated for their structural, physiochemical, and surface morphology via x-ray diffraction (XRD), high resolution scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), energy-dispersive x-ray Spectroscopy and, differential scanning colorimetry (DSC) respectively. The morphological analysis showed the porous interconnected network of scaffold formed. Average pore size for the Ch-G-NBG-GO scaffolds were in between 90 and 120 μm, which was very close to the control scaffolds. XRD data revealed the successful incorporation of NBG and GO and distribution across the scaffolds. Porosity of the fabricated scaffolds were in the range between 75.3% and 77.3% which was very close to the control scaffold with 79% porosity. The studies also reveal that after GO incorporation, the weight loss reduced (0.11 ± 0.02-0.095 ± 0.03), scaffolds were firmly stable at room temperature even after a long duration of 28 d. The crystallinity added to the scaffolds due to addition of GO nanoparticles improved the mechanical strength of these scaffolds. The compressive modulus changed from (5.7 to 8.51) MPa after GO addition. Swelling ratio changed drastically especially in case of Ch-NBG-90%GO (4.9 ± 0.04-4 ± 0.01). DSC and TGA data revealed the thermal stability of GO incorporated scaffolds due to the proper interaction between GO/NBG with chitosan-gelatin blend. The scaffold's potential for bone tissue engineering was evaluated by testing its cytocompatibility for MG-63 cell line. It revealed suitable cell attachment and proliferation of cells compared to the Ch-G-NBG scaffold. MTT assay showed that Ch-G-NBG-GO scaffold below 90% GO concentration possess best biocompatibility. But in case of Ch-G-NBG-90%GO scaffold, the cell proliferation was reduced when compared to control scaffolds. Alkaline phosphatase activity suggested improved osteogenic differentiation of MG-63 cells over GO based scaffolds and this was due to the osteogenic potential of NBG and GO present in the scaffolds. Based on these results, the nano-biocomposite scaffold appears to have the potential for utilization in bone tissue restoration, replacement and regeneration.
氧化石墨烯（GO）由于其极高的机械强度、优异的导电性、高光学透明度和良好的生物相容性，在生物医学工程领域提供了独特的机会。在本文中，通过冷冻干燥技术（-40°C）成功制备了纳米复合生物相容的基于 GO 的支架（壳聚糖/明胶/纳米生物玻璃/GO）Ch-G-NBG-GO，并对其各种物理化学和生物性质进行了评估。通过 X 射线衍射（XRD）、高分辨率扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱、热重分析（TGA）、能谱和差示扫描量热法（DSC）分别研究了制备的 Ch-G-NBG-GO 复合材料的结构、物理化学和表面形态。形态分析表明形成了支架的多孔互连网络。Ch-G-NBG-GO 支架的平均孔径在 90-120μm 之间，与对照支架非常接近。XRD 数据表明 NBG 和 GO 的成功掺入和分布在支架中。所制备的支架的孔隙率在 75.3%至 77.3%之间，与具有 79%孔隙率的对照支架非常接近。研究还表明，在加入 GO 后，重量损失减少（0.11±0.02-0.095±0.03），即使在 28 天的长时间后，支架在室温下仍牢固稳定。由于添加了 GO 纳米粒子，支架的结晶度增加，从而提高了这些支架的机械强度。压缩模量从加入 GO 后增加（5.7 至 8.51）MPa。溶胀比变化很大，尤其是在 Ch-NBG-90%GO（4.9±0.04-4±0.01）的情况下。DSC 和 TGA 数据表明，由于 GO/NBG 与壳聚糖-明胶混合物之间的适当相互作用，GO 掺入的支架具有热稳定性。通过测试其对 MG-63 细胞系的细胞相容性，评估了支架在骨组织工程中的潜在应用。与 Ch-G-NBG 支架相比，它显示出适合细胞附着和增殖。MTT 测定表明，在 90%GO 浓度以下，Ch-G-NBG-GO 支架具有最佳的生物相容性。但是，在 Ch-G-NBG-90%GO 支架的情况下，与对照支架相比，细胞增殖减少。碱性磷酸酶活性表明，基于 GO 的支架上的 MG-63 细胞的成骨分化得到改善，这是由于支架中存在的 NBG 和 GO 的成骨潜力所致。基于这些结果，纳米生物复合材料支架似乎具有用于骨组织修复、替代和再生的潜力。
