Department of Ecology and Zoology, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), 88040-900 Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 Jan 10;855:158803. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158803. Epub 2022 Sep 14.
Mineral extraction areas represent an environmental, social, and also a food sovereignty challenge for several countries. Indigenous Peoples and local communities (IPLC) are particularly vulnerable to the impacts of mining activities, particularly those that affect their lands and waters. At the global level, scientific evidence on the impacts of mining on the food sovereignty of IPLC is meagre, scattered, and fragmented across disciplines and geographic regions. This study aims to assess whether factors such as mining, trace elements contamination, social inequality, lack of environmental deficitary environmental policy and practice, and socio-environmental conflicts directly impact the food sovereignty of IPLC worldwide. Through a comprehensive literature review of 403 articles, we mapped globally the impacts of mining activities on the food sovereignty of IPLC. Our results reveal that the combination of mining, social inequality and weak environmental strategies impinge negatively on the food sovereignty of IPLC. A hundred and six articles reviewed contained a detailed ecotoxicological analysis of food resources used by IPLC in mining areas. Of all documented species, 52.9 % were vascular plants, 40.3 % were fish and 6.8 % were mammals, presenting substantial scientific evidence of the contamination of food systems of IPLC as a direct result of mining. Given the magnitude of the evidence presented in this review, we propose strategic policy actions to address the impacts of mining on IPLC food sovereignty, such as the strengthening of social, cultural, and environmental safeguards in the mining sector, which should include provisions for the protection of the food systems of IPLC and their culturally-valued food resources, as well as monitoring of contaminant concentrations in the environment and in culturally-valued food resources.
矿产开采区对多个国家的环境、社会和粮食主权构成了挑战。原住民和当地社区（IPLC）特别容易受到采矿活动的影响，尤其是那些影响到他们土地和水域的活动。在全球范围内，关于采矿对 IPLC 粮食主权影响的科学证据很少，分散且分散在不同学科和地理区域。本研究旨在评估采矿、微量元素污染、社会不平等、缺乏环境缺陷环境政策和实践以及社会环境冲突等因素是否直接影响全球 IPLC 的粮食主权。通过对 403 篇文章的全面文献回顾，我们在全球范围内绘制了采矿活动对 IPLC 粮食主权的影响。我们的研究结果表明，采矿、社会不平等和薄弱的环境战略的结合对 IPLC 的粮食主权产生了负面影响。在回顾的 106 篇文章中，对 IPLC 在矿区使用的食物资源进行了详细的生态毒理学分析。在所记录的所有物种中，52.9%是维管植物，40.3%是鱼类，6.8%是哺乳动物，这为矿区 IPLC 食物系统的污染提供了大量科学证据，这是采矿的直接结果。鉴于本综述中提出的证据的重要性，我们提出了一些战略政策行动，以应对采矿对 IPLC 粮食主权的影响，例如加强采矿部门的社会、文化和环境保障措施，其中应包括保护 IPLC 的食物系统及其具有文化价值的食物资源的规定，以及对环境和具有文化价值的食物资源中污染物浓度的监测。
