Sansone Nathália Mariana Santos, Vitta Eduarda, Siqueira Bianca Aparecida, Marson Fernando Augusto Lima
Molecular Biology and Genetics Laboratory, University of São Francisco, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil.
J Racial Ethn Health Disparities. 2025 Jun;12(3):1458-1472. doi: 10.1007/s40615-024-01978-2. Epub 2024 Mar 26.
The Indigenous population of the Yanomami ethnic group in Brazil is currently facing a public health emergency due to the high number of deaths, mainly of children. Taking that into consideration, this study aims to analyze this crisis impact on the health of this population in the period between 2018 and 2022.
The data presented were collected from the report called Yanomami Mission ("Missão Yanomami") published by the Brazilian Ministry of Health and, from it, a descriptive analysis of the Indigenous individuals' health was carried out for (i) the geographical distribution; ii) the number of deaths; (iii) the child death rate; (iv) the deaths of Indigenous individuals from preventable causes; (v) the causes of preventable diseases related to hygiene and basic sanitation, and the distribution of diarrheal diseases according to age groups; (vi) evaluation of the nutritional classification; vii) the percentage (%) of the complete vaccination scheme, and (viii) the coverage of prenatal appointments of Indigenous pregnant women.
The report included 31,017 individuals belonging to the Yanomami ethnic group, most of the participants were up to 39 years old (N = 26,377; 85.0%) and men (N = 15,836; 51.1%). During the period described in the report, the number of deaths reached 1285/31,017 (4.1%). When analyzing the deaths, the most representative age groups were those of children under 1 year old (505/1285; 39.9%), from 1 to 4 years old (178/1285; 13.8%), and the elderly from 60 to 79 years old (150/1285; 11.6%). The Indigenous individuals from this ethnic group presented a child death rate ~ 1.5 to 3.5 higher than that of the total Indigenous population in the country. Regarding the child death rate, the neonatal component represented 57.8% of the deaths and, in 2022, 93.0% of the pregnant women had less than six prenatal appointments. This population shows a high number of deaths due to preventable causes (N = 538) and cases of illnesses associated with hygiene and sanitation, for example (N = 35,103 cases/notifications). As for vaccination, the full vaccination scheme targeting children below 5 years old has not been met since 2018.
In the Indigenous population of the Yanomami ethnic group, a high number of deaths was observed, which affected mainly individuals under 1 year old. Among the factors associated with the deaths, mainly in children under 5 years old, most cases have preventable causes, which could be reduced by proper action promoting their health and preventing diseases.
巴西亚诺马米族原住民目前正面临公共卫生紧急状况，死亡人数众多，主要是儿童死亡。考虑到这一点，本研究旨在分析2018年至2022年期间这场危机对该人群健康的影响。
所呈现的数据来自巴西卫生部发布的名为《亚诺马米使命》（“Missão Yanomami”）的报告，并据此对原住民个体的健康进行了描述性分析，内容包括：（i）地理分布；（ii）死亡人数；（iii）儿童死亡率；（iv）原住民个体因可预防原因导致的死亡；（v）与卫生和基本环境卫生相关的可预防疾病的病因，以及腹泻疾病按年龄组的分布；（vi）营养分类评估；（vii）完全疫苗接种计划的百分比（%）；（viii）原住民孕妇产前检查的覆盖率。
该报告涵盖了31,017名亚诺马米族个体，大多数参与者年龄在39岁及以下（N = 26,377；85.0%），男性居多（N = 15,836；51.1%）。在报告所述期间，死亡人数达到1285/31,017（4.1%）。分析死亡情况时，最具代表性的年龄组是1岁以下儿童（505/1285；39.9%）、1至4岁儿童（178/1285；13.8%）以及60至79岁的老年人（150/1285；11.6%）。该族群的原住民儿童死亡率比该国原住民总人口的儿童死亡率高出约1.5至3.5倍。关于儿童死亡率，新生儿部分占死亡人数的57.8%，2022年，93.0%的孕妇产前检查次数少于6次。该人群因可预防原因导致的死亡人数众多（N = 538），还有与卫生和环境卫生相关的疾病病例（N = 35,103例/报告）。至于疫苗接种，自2018年以来，针对5岁以下儿童的完全疫苗接种计划尚未实现。
在亚诺马米族原住民中，观察到大量死亡，主要影响1岁以下个体。在与死亡相关的因素中，主要是5岁以下儿童，大多数病例有可预防的原因，通过促进他们健康和预防疾病的适当行动，这些死亡人数本可减少。
