Departamento de Medicina Familiar, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia.
Unidad de Urología/Urooncología, Grupo de Investigación UROGIV, Departamento de Cirugía, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia.
Biomedica. 2022 Sep 2;42(3):450-459. doi: 10.7705/biomedica.6468.
Since ancient times cannabis has been used for recreational and medicinal purposes. It is a significant source of chemical compounds, most of them called phytocannabinoids. These compounds have several physiological effects and produce their effects primarily by binding to endogenous cannabinoid receptors such as CB1 and CB2, among others. Cannabis has potential therapeutic properties and its preparations have been used as traditional remedies to treat pain and emesis. Synthetic cannabinoids are used clinically as analgesics, antispastics, antiemetics, and appetite stimulants. Significant cannabis toxicity is rare in adults; however, it can produce countless acute and chronic side effects. The quality of the evidence in this field is limited by the short duration of the trials, poor sample sizes, lack of a control group, and the existence of bias in most of the reviewed studies. Therefore, a larger number of studies with better methodological quality is required to support the safe use of this therapy. The decision to include cannabinoids as a treatment for any of the conditions described will depend on the evidence, the use of previous therapies, and the type of patient.
自古以来，大麻就被用于娱乐和医疗目的。它是许多化学化合物的重要来源，其中大多数被称为植物大麻素。这些化合物具有多种生理作用，主要通过与内源性大麻素受体（如 CB1 和 CB2 等）结合来产生作用。大麻具有潜在的治疗特性，其制剂已被用作传统药物来治疗疼痛和呕吐。合成大麻素在临床上被用作镇痛药、抗痉挛药、止吐药和食欲刺激剂。成人中很少出现显著的大麻毒性；然而，它会产生无数的急性和慢性副作用。该领域的证据质量受到试验持续时间短、样本量小、缺乏对照组以及大多数综述研究中存在偏倚的限制。因此，需要进行更多具有更好方法学质量的研究，以支持这种治疗方法的安全使用。是否将大麻素纳入治疗任何所述疾病的选择将取决于证据、先前治疗方法的使用情况以及患者类型。
