Kumawat Vijay Shankar, Bandyopadhyay-Ghosh Sanchita, Ghosh Subrata Bandhu
Engineered Biomedical Materials Research and Innovation Centre (EnBioMatRIC), Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
J Biomater Sci Polym Ed. 2023 Mar;34(4):497-540. doi: 10.1080/09205063.2022.2127143. Epub 2022 Sep 29.
Natural bone healing is often inadequate to treat fractures with critical size bone defects and massive bone loss. Immediate surgical interventions through bone grafts have been found to be essential on such occasions. Naturally harvested bone grafts, although are the preferred choice of the surgeons; they suffer from serious clinical limitations, including disease transmission, donor site morbidity, limited supply of graft etc. Synthetic bone grafts, on the other hand, offer a more clinically appealing approach to decode the pathways of bone repair through use of tissue engineered biomaterials. This article critically retrospects the translational research on various engineered biomaterials towards bringing transformative changes in orthopaedic healthcare. The first section of the article discusses about composition and ultrastructure of bone along with the global perspectives on statistical escalation of bone fracture surgeries requiring use of bone grafts. The next section reviews the types, benefits and challenges of various natural and synthetic bone grafts. An overview of clinically relevant biomaterials from traditionally used metallic, bioceramic, and biopolymeric biomaterials to new generation composites have been summarised. Finally, this narrative review concludes with the discussion on the emerging trends and future perspectives of the promising bone grafts.
自然骨愈合往往不足以治疗具有临界尺寸骨缺损和大量骨质流失的骨折。在这种情况下，通过骨移植进行即时手术干预已被证明是必不可少的。天然采集的骨移植材料虽然是外科医生的首选；但它们存在严重的临床局限性，包括疾病传播、供体部位并发症、移植材料供应有限等。另一方面，合成骨移植材料通过使用组织工程生物材料，为解码骨修复途径提供了一种更具临床吸引力的方法。本文批判性地回顾了各种工程生物材料的转化研究，以期在骨科医疗保健领域带来变革性变化。文章的第一部分讨论了骨的组成和超微结构，以及全球范围内需要使用骨移植的骨折手术统计数据上升的情况。下一部分回顾了各种天然和合成骨移植材料的类型、益处和挑战。从传统使用的金属、生物陶瓷和生物聚合物生物材料到新一代复合材料，对临床相关生物材料进行了概述。最后，这篇叙述性综述以对有前景的骨移植材料的新兴趋势和未来展望的讨论作为结尾。
