Marburger E A, Friedel B
J Trauma. 1987 Jul;27(7):703-5. doi: 10.1097/00005373-198707000-00002.
In 1976 belt usage was made compulsory for front seat passengers in the Federal Republic of Germany. Since 1984, noncompliance incurs a fine of DM 40. In 1984 belt usage was also made compulsory for back seat passengers (noncompliance not being fined). Following the introduction of the fines, the usage rates both for drivers and front seat passengers increased from about 60% to more than 90%. The number of car occupant fatalities has lowered considerably since the introduction of the fine (by about 25%). Approximately 15 to 20 percentage points of this change are probably due to this measure. Major injuries decreased noticeably as well, in particular injuries to the eyes. Belt usage on back seats is still unsatisfactory (20%), although here too, the effect on injuries of the belt is incontestable, taking into consideration occupant interaction.
1976年，德意志联邦共和国规定前排座位乘客必须使用安全带。自1984年起，不遵守规定将被处以40德国马克的罚款。1984年，后排座位乘客也被强制要求使用安全带（不遵守规定不罚款）。实施罚款后，司机和前排座位乘客的使用率从约60%提高到了90%以上。自实施罚款以来，汽车乘客死亡人数大幅下降（约25%）。这一变化中约15至20个百分点可能归因于这一措施。重伤人数也显著减少，尤其是眼部受伤。后排座位的安全带使用率仍然不尽人意（20%），不过，考虑到乘客之间的相互作用，安全带对减少伤害的作用也是无可争议的。
