Miller Kate M, Carapetis Jonathan R, Cherian Thomas, Hay Roderick, Marks Michael, Pickering Janessa, Cannon Jeffrey W, Lamagni Theresa, Romani Lucia, Moore Hannah C, Van Beneden Chris A, Barth Dylan D, Bowen Asha C
Wesfarmers Centre for Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
Open Forum Infect Dis. 2022 Sep 15;9(Suppl 1):S15-S24. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofac249. eCollection 2022 Sep.
Impetigo is a highly contagious bacterial infection of the superficial layer of skin. Impetigo is caused by group A (Strep A) and , alone or in combination, with the former predominating in many tropical climates. Strep A impetigo occurs mainly in early childhood, and the burden varies worldwide. It is an acute, self-limited disease, but many children experience frequent recurrences that make it a chronic illness in some endemic settings. We present a standardized surveillance protocol including case definitions for impetigo including both active (purulent, crusted) and resolving (flat, dry) phases and discuss the current tests used to detect Strep A among persons with impetigo. Case classifications that can be applied are detailed, including differentiating between incident (new) and prevalent (existing) cases of Strep A impetigo. The type of surveillance methodology depends on the burden of impetigo in the community. Active surveillance and laboratory confirmation is the preferred method for case detection, particularly in endemic settings. Participant eligibility, surveillance population and additional considerations for surveillance of impetigo, including examination of lesions, use of photographs to document lesions, and staff training requirements (including cultural awareness), are addressed. Finally, the core elements of case report forms for impetigo are presented and guidance for recording the course and severity of impetigo provided.
脓疱病是一种皮肤表层具有高度传染性的细菌感染。脓疱病由A组（A群链球菌）引起，单独或合并感染，在许多热带气候地区以前者为主。A群链球菌脓疱病主要发生在幼儿期，全球负担情况各不相同。它是一种急性自限性疾病，但许多儿童会频繁复发，在一些地方流行地区成为慢性病。我们提出了一种标准化监测方案，包括脓疱病的病例定义，涵盖活动期（脓性、结痂）和消退期（扁平、干燥），并讨论了用于检测脓疱病患者中A群链球菌的现有检测方法。详细介绍了可应用的病例分类，包括区分A群链球菌脓疱病的新发病例和现患病例。监测方法的类型取决于社区中脓疱病的负担情况。主动监测和实验室确诊是病例检测的首选方法，特别是在地方流行地区。文中讨论了脓疱病监测的参与者资格、监测人群以及其他注意事项，包括病变检查、使用照片记录病变以及工作人员培训要求（包括文化意识）。最后，介绍了脓疱病病例报告表的核心要素，并提供了记录脓疱病病程和严重程度的指南。
