Muratova A Yu, Lyubun E V, Golubev S N, Turkovskaya O V
Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms - Subdivision of the Saratov Federal Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saratov, Russia.
Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii. 2022 Aug;26(5):477-485. doi: 10.18699/VJGB-22-58.
The physiological and biochemical activity of plant-microbial associations enables them to determine the mobility, bioavailability, and accumulation of heavy metals in plant tissues. These abilities are the basis for the use of plants and their associated microorganisms in the development of approaches that ensure both the prevention of the ingress of toxic metals into food crops and the extraction of pollutants from polluted soils by using phytoremediation technologies. Whether plant-microbial complexes are used successfully depends on the knowledge of how specific organisms interact with heavy metals. We evaluated the effect of copper ions on common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) inoculated with three plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) of the genus Azospirillum. We analyzed the growth variables of 14-day-old wheat seedlings, the content of photosynthesis pigments, the activity of plant oxidoreductases, and the accumulation of copper by plant tissues. All strains more or less compensated for copper toxicity to seedling development and increased metal accumulation in roots and shoots. Copper affected the photosynthetic apparatus of the inoculated plants, primarily by decreasing the content of chlorophyll b. An analysis of the activity of plant oxidoreductases (peroxidases and phenoloxidases), which are involved in the physiological responses of plants to pollutant stress, showed strain-specific dependence and a significant effect of copper on the inoculated plants. Overall, the obtained results clearly show that the effect of Azospirillum on the physiological and biochemical status of wheat is diverse. The compensatory effect of bacteria on copper toxicity and the simultaneous increase in metal accumulation in plant tissues can be considered as mutually exclusive crop-production aspects associated with the growing of food plants in heavy-metal-polluted areas.
植物与微生物联合体的生理生化活性使其能够决定重金属在植物组织中的迁移性、生物有效性和积累情况。这些能力是利用植物及其相关微生物开发确保预防有毒金属进入粮食作物以及利用植物修复技术从污染土壤中提取污染物的方法的基础。植物 - 微生物复合体能否成功应用取决于对特定生物体如何与重金属相互作用的了解。我们评估了铜离子对接种了三种固氮螺菌属植物促生根际细菌（PGPR）的普通小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）的影响。我们分析了14日龄小麦幼苗的生长变量、光合色素含量、植物氧化还原酶活性以及植物组织中铜的积累情况。所有菌株或多或少都补偿了铜对幼苗发育的毒性，并增加了根和地上部中金属的积累。铜对接种植物的光合机构有影响，主要是通过降低叶绿素b的含量。对参与植物对污染物胁迫生理反应的植物氧化还原酶（过氧化物酶和酚氧化酶）活性的分析表明，存在菌株特异性依赖性以及铜对接种植物有显著影响。总体而言，所得结果清楚地表明固氮螺菌对小麦生理生化状态的影响是多样的。细菌对铜毒性的补偿作用以及植物组织中金属积累的同时增加可被视为与在重金属污染地区种植粮食作物相关的相互矛盾的作物生产方面。
